Team:UANL/Human Practices
Contents
- 1 HUMAN PRACTICES
- 2 DIFUSSION
- 2.1 Congreso Sustenta
- 2.2 Difusión LSM
- 2.3 Conferences at UANL'S Institutions
- 2.4 Conference at Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Educación Bilingue (CIDEB)
- 2.5 Conference at Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica (FIME)
- 2.6 Conference at Facultad de Ciencias Químicas (FCQ)
- 2.7 “El Tunel de la Biología Sintética”
- 3 COLABS
- 4 MUJERES EN LA CIENCIA
- 5 INTEGRATED HUMAN PRACTICES
- 6 HUMAN PRACTICES
- 7 Imágenes
- 8 Insertar video
- 9 Tablas
- 10 Links
- 11 Más formatos
HUMAN PRACTICES
DIFUSSION
Congreso Sustenta
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Difusión LSM
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Conferences at UANL'S Institutions
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Conference at Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Educación Bilingue (CIDEB)
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Conference at Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica (FIME)
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Conference at Facultad de Ciencias Químicas (FCQ)
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“El Tunel de la Biología Sintética”
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Event Scope
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COLABS
Mentorship to Peru team
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Washington
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ITESO
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MUJERES EN LA CIENCIA
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Interview with Dr. Patricia Zambrano
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Interview with D.r María de Jesús
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INTEGRATED HUMAN PRACTICES
Feedback
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Entrevista con José Alfredo Gutiérrez Constantino, de Promaplast
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Asesoría del Dr. Patricio Adrían Zapata Morín
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Asesoría del phD. Mauricio Carrillo-Tripp
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Asesoría del sC. Miguel Loera
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Asesoría de Ediner
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HUMAN PRACTICES
The focus of our project is on the impact of the paper industry in Mexico, which is made up of small and large companies, both Mexican and foreign, mainly American [1]
In this industrial sector, a procedure known as Kraft Process is carried out to convert wood into pulp; which has a toxic byproduct known as Black Liquor, which is a mixture of cellulose and lignin residues mainly, in addition to some inorganic chemicals.
BL is highly polluting due to its toxicity and, in addition, its stability makes it take many years to degrade, so it remains in the waters where it is discharged, causing chronic damage to ecosystems. [6]
To more clearly establish the impact of BL on an ecosystem, we made an Ishikawa diagram:
Ishikawa diagram
This diagram seeks to explain the main reasons why we consider the inefficient use of Black Liquor as a problem. Being that, it represents a risk for the workers who would be in contact with this substance. Once this substance goes through a process of "Delignification", it is discharged into bodies of water. The companies that produce this substance are usually burned for energy generation. However, this process is not as efficient compared to other forms of obtaining energy in addition to the environmental implications of its burning by the production of greenhouse gases such as Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen, among others.
The process most commonly used to treat BL is gasification, which has some variants, such as the Black Liquor Gasification Combined Cycle (BLGCC). Another of the processes that are carried out is de-lignification, from which a mass with the requirements to be poured into rivers could be obtained.
The energy efficiency obtained when treating BL is very low concerning its optimum value, with which paper processing plants could produce the electricity they require [5].
Worldwide, the pulp and paper industry currently processes about 170 million tonnes of black liquor (measured as dry solids) per year, with a total energy content of about 2EJ (ExaJoules), making black liquor a very significant biomass source [4]. The process by which energy is usually obtained from BL is that of gasification, through which sulfur, CO2, CO and hydrogen gases are released, which are used as fuels [4].
Why we chose this aproach?
Pollution is a very important issue our city faces nowadays, therefore we wanted to focus our project to an important cause of this problem. As Nuevo Leon is a highly industrialized area, we searched for the most important and numerous industries. Finding that Paper producers were the principal industry in Nuevo León.
On a global scale, the activity of this industrial sector is concentrated in 100 companies, whose reported revenues were 357.6 billion dollars in 2013. Although Latin America represents only 6.7% of world paper production, two of The 100 leading companies are in Mexico: Kimberly-Clark México and Bio Pappel [1].
The states of Mexico that present a more significant contribution to Gross Value Added (VAB) are the State of Mexico and Nuevo León, the latter with a GVA of 6013.39 million pesos and an annual growth rate of 3.4% [1].
In 2016, at least 59 paper manufacturing and distribution plants were reported in Mexico, distributed in 20 states of the Mexican Republic, with a market value of USD 12,991 million annually [7].
Mapa
And that is why we wanted to engage with industries/companies regarding paper production. On the other hand, we engaged with experts because they became our main source of information among with internet; this happened because companies did not want to share information about their processes with us.
Likewise, we engaged with young people through activities because one way or another, they will be the ones who forge the future, creating an impact in their lives can make a difference, and we know this first hand because some of our current team members were impacted by the activities performed by UANL iGEM team from 2014.
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