Team:SMMU-China/Human Practices
Overview
Incidence
As we all know, China is the largest low-income or middle-income country and the most populous country in the world. And the breast cancer is the most common cancer in Chinese women，just as the whole world. By looking up to the data and papers, we know that the incidence of breast cancer in china has increased more than twice since 1990s, which rise as same as global rate. Form the newest data about the status of tumor in china, the incidence of breast cancer is 17.10% in 2015, which is higher in the city and about 27.4% in ShangHai.
Mortality from the breast cancer rose during the past 30 years in china, and in urban areas mortality increased by 100%, however in rural areas mortality did not increased a lot ( the data is shown in the picture2, which is cited from the paper: Breast cancer in china).
Through huge numbers of study about breast cancer, we know some risk factors for breast cancer in Chinese women.
(1) Reproductive and hormonal factors——eg, a long menstrual life, nulliparity, increased age at first livebirth, limited breastfeeding, and the low fertility rate;
(2) Obesity in premenopausal and postmenopausal women and low levels of physical activity——eg, Chinese women (both premenopausal and postmenopausal) with a body-mass index of 24 kg/m2 or higher had a four-times increased risk of breast cancer compared with women with a body-mass index of less than 24 kg/m2(cited: A case-control study on risk factors of breast cancer in China)
(3) Family history;
References
[1] Ya-Li X , Qiang S , Guang-Liang S , et al. A case-control study on risk factors of breast cancer in China[J]. Archives of Medical Science, 2012, 2:303-309.[2] Fan L, Strasserweippl K, Li J J, et al. Breast cancer in China.[J]. Lancet Oncology, 2014, 15(7):e279-e289.
[3] Zheng R S , Sun K , Zhang S W , et al. [Report of cancer epidemiology in China, 2015][J]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi, 2019, 41(1):19-28.
Current strategies
Nowadays, in China, there is a systemic diagnosis and treatment process, which is shown below (Picture 3) It confirm the diagnosis by the specific and typical breast cancer signs and other auxiliary inspections like tumor maker, imaging detection tissue biopsy and so on.
The treatment of breast cancer includes surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, molecular targeted therapy and so on. According to the pre-treatment assessment, doctors performs systemic and topical treatment. There are some common treatments which is listed below.
(1) Surgical treatment: modified radical mastectomy, simple mammectomy, breast preservation breast surgery;
(2) adiation therapy;
(3) Chemotherapy;
(4) Endocrine therapy;
(5) Molecular targeted therapy;
(6) Comprehensive therapy;
After the surgery or the first step of therapy, doctors normally monitor the tumor size and metastasis by detecting tumor markers and imaging detection, which is should be done in the specific area—hospital, and under professional persons’ guidance.
References
[1] http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s3594q/201702/0c46c23dc2694973bb5bea8060f1ccff.shtmlDEMO PART 2
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DEMO PART 3
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