Difference between revisions of "Team:ECUST China/Description"

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<h2>Inspiration</h2>
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<p>Everything started from a nightmare which has being haunting one of our group members for years—the notorious Rhinitis. Therefore he has to carry a whole package of tissue with him whenever and wherever he goes. As he consuming increasing amount of tissue but having trouble finding a quick solution for Rhinitis, he questioned himself: is there anything he could do for all those trees vanished? Could synthetic biology offer a better solution for this scenario? So our team looked into paper recycle industry.</p>
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<p>Coincidentally, wastepaper recycling industry is confronted with a serious problem: the inevitable keratinization during the recycling process, which results in the shortening of the cellulose fiber length and subsequently generating paper with lower quality.</p>
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<p>Thus the demand seems quite clear —adding biomaterial to improve quality. It is the renowned bacterial cellulose(BC) that catches out attention, for many of its extraordinary properties. Furthermore, we hope to utilize the less useful shortened cellulose mentioned above as the raw material to produce BC in situ after separation of short and long fiber by filtration.</p>
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<h2>Recycled Paper Market Analysis</h2>
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<p>Under the popularization of circular economy around the world, the recycling of waste pulp, a green raw material for papermaking, has been given more and more attention, and consequently, the demand for waste paper has been rising substantially, which also promoted the growth of the global waste paper recovery rate. </p>
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<p>Statistics shows that the global waste paper recovery has reached 250 million tons in 2018. Due to its complete waste paper recycling system, Japan leads the world in both recycling rate and utilization rate, with 81.5% recycling rate and 64.3% utilization rate. While paper utilization rate can not match recycling rate, and resources can’t be optimally allocated mainly due to the increasing proportion of short fibers in paper recycling.</p>
  
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<h2> The Economic Value of BC </h2>
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<p> Bacterial cellulose, hereafter this text will be abbreviated as BC, has the same chemical composition and structure as plant cellulose in pulp, but it has many advantages over plant cellulose: high purity, high degree of polymerization and crystallinity, high water holding capacity, good biocompatibility and biodegradability. As a porous reticulated nano-biopolymer, BC can be used as value-added medical materials, multi-functional textiles, functional food, electromagnetic materials, wastewater treatment filter materials and so on. In any way, BC has broad application prospects in various fields.</p>
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<p>This page is used by the judges to evaluate your team for the <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Judging/Medals">medal criterion</a> or <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Judging/Awards"> award listed below</a>. </p>
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<h2>How does the Paper Transformer work？ </h2>
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<p> Delete this box in order to be evaluated for this medal criterion and/or award. See more information at <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Judging/Pages_for_Awards"> Instructions for Pages for awards</a>.</p>
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<p>Our project can be summarized as three parts—degradation of short fibers in waste pulp, synthetize of BC from former reaction products and applications of high value-added BC.
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Our chassis organisms was chosen from Acetobacter xylinum, Clostridium thermophilus and Escherichia coli, and the winner strain was E.coli for both cellulase and bacterial synthase has been characterized in E.coli in former iGEM projects. And we named our chassis organisms ‘Paper Transformer’ because we hoped it can transform inferior paper into paper with better quality and added value..
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To begin with, Transformer secretes cellulose exoglucanase and endoglucanase, and hydrolyzes short fibers in the pretreated waste paper pulp into cellobiose. Thus, cellobiose can accumulate in fermentation broth. As cellobiose accumulating to a certain concentration, these two cellulases will be inactivated, Meanwhile, Transformer begins to express cellobiose phosphorylase and bacterial cellulose synthase, and continuously produces bacterial cellulose through the cellobiose → glucose → UDP Glucose → BC pathway.
  
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<p>A core part of our project is to achieve timing regulation in a single chassis organism. To achieve this goal, we will focus on realizing the following functions:
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<li>Accumulation of cellobiose;</li>
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<h1>Project Inspiration and Description </h1>
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<li>Inactivation of cellulose endoglucanase and exoglucanase;</li>
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<h3>NEW: Bronze Medal Criterion #4</h3>
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<li>Utilization of cellobiose</li>
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<p>Document how and why you chose your iGEM project on this page. Reference work outside or inside of iGEM that inspired your project, how you selected your project goal, and why you thought this project was a useful application of synthetic biology. Finally, provide a clear and concise description of what you plan on doing for your project.</p>
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<h3>What should this page contain?</h3>
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<li> A clear and concise description of your project.</li>
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<li>A detailed explanation of why your team chose to work on this particular project.</li>
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<li>References and sources to document your research.</li>
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<h3>Inspiration</h3>
 
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<p>See how other teams have described and presented their projects: </p>
 
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<li><a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Imperial_College/Description">2016 Imperial College</a></li>
 
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<li><a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Wageningen_UR/Description">2016 Wageningen UR</a></li>
 
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<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:UC_Davis/Project_Overview"> 2014 UC Davis</a></li>
 
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<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:SYSU-Software/Overview">2014 SYSU Software</a></li>
 
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<h3>Advice on writing your Project Description</h3>
 
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We encourage you to put up a lot of information and content on your wiki, but we also encourage you to include summaries as much as possible. If you think of the sections in your project description as the sections in a publication, you should try to be concise, accurate, and unambiguous in your achievements.
 
 
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<p>Just as transformers can transform from ordinary cars to super combat robots, our Transformer can transform waste paper into BC, which would play a big role in medical, environmental industries, textiles and other fields.</p>
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<img class="img-com" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/1/14/T--ECUST_China--demonstrate_bio-process.svg">
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</div></div></section>
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<div id="contact">
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    <div class="cont-left">
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    <h4>ECUST_China</h4>
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<p style="text-align: right;">EAST CHINA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY</p>
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    <p style="text-align: right;">Shanghai, China</p>
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    <a href="https://www.ecust.edu.cn/"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/2/27/T--ECUST_China--ecust_school-w.png"> </a>
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    <a href="http://biotech.ecust.edu.cn/"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/3/33/T--ECUST_China--bioenger_logo-w.png"> </a> 
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    <div class="cont-right">
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    <h4>GET IN TOUCH</h4>
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    <p>+86 021-64253306</p>
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    <p>ecust_igem_2019@163.com</p>
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    <a href="https://www.instagram.com/ecustigem2019/"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/4/4e/T--ECUST_China--contact_ins-w.png"></a>
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<a href="http://www.bilibili.com/video/av70010991?share_medium=android&share_source=more&bbid=XZ86E0483CEBD7A2D614212F77CE7C17C372B&ts=1571405282891"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/1/13/T--ECUST_China--contact_bilibili-w.png"></a>
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<a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/53fS8TxvqSTUhNPkjtXE_A"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/f/f4/T--ECUST_China--contact_wechat-w.png"></a>
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Latest revision as of 20:47, 21 October 2019

Inspiration

Everything started from a nightmare which has being haunting one of our group members for years—the notorious Rhinitis. Therefore he has to carry a whole package of tissue with him whenever and wherever he goes. As he consuming increasing amount of tissue but having trouble finding a quick solution for Rhinitis, he questioned himself: is there anything he could do for all those trees vanished? Could synthetic biology offer a better solution for this scenario? So our team looked into paper recycle industry.

Coincidentally, wastepaper recycling industry is confronted with a serious problem: the inevitable keratinization during the recycling process, which results in the shortening of the cellulose fiber length and subsequently generating paper with lower quality.

Thus the demand seems quite clear —adding biomaterial to improve quality. It is the renowned bacterial cellulose(BC) that catches out attention, for many of its extraordinary properties. Furthermore, we hope to utilize the less useful shortened cellulose mentioned above as the raw material to produce BC in situ after separation of short and long fiber by filtration.

Recycled Paper Market Analysis

Under the popularization of circular economy around the world, the recycling of waste pulp, a green raw material for papermaking, has been given more and more attention, and consequently, the demand for waste paper has been rising substantially, which also promoted the growth of the global waste paper recovery rate.

Statistics shows that the global waste paper recovery has reached 250 million tons in 2018. Due to its complete waste paper recycling system, Japan leads the world in both recycling rate and utilization rate, with 81.5% recycling rate and 64.3% utilization rate. While paper utilization rate can not match recycling rate, and resources can’t be optimally allocated mainly due to the increasing proportion of short fibers in paper recycling.

The Economic Value of BC

Bacterial cellulose, hereafter this text will be abbreviated as BC, has the same chemical composition and structure as plant cellulose in pulp, but it has many advantages over plant cellulose: high purity, high degree of polymerization and crystallinity, high water holding capacity, good biocompatibility and biodegradability. As a porous reticulated nano-biopolymer, BC can be used as value-added medical materials, multi-functional textiles, functional food, electromagnetic materials, wastewater treatment filter materials and so on. In any way, BC has broad application prospects in various fields.

How does the Paper Transformer work？

Our project can be summarized as three parts—degradation of short fibers in waste pulp, synthetize of BC from former reaction products and applications of high value-added BC. Our chassis organisms was chosen from Acetobacter xylinum, Clostridium thermophilus and Escherichia coli, and the winner strain was E.coli for both cellulase and bacterial synthase has been characterized in E.coli in former iGEM projects. And we named our chassis organisms ‘Paper Transformer’ because we hoped it can transform inferior paper into paper with better quality and added value.. To begin with, Transformer secretes cellulose exoglucanase and endoglucanase, and hydrolyzes short fibers in the pretreated waste paper pulp into cellobiose. Thus, cellobiose can accumulate in fermentation broth. As cellobiose accumulating to a certain concentration, these two cellulases will be inactivated, Meanwhile, Transformer begins to express cellobiose phosphorylase and bacterial cellulose synthase, and continuously produces bacterial cellulose through the cellobiose → glucose → UDP Glucose → BC pathway.

A core part of our project is to achieve timing regulation in a single chassis organism. To achieve this goal, we will focus on realizing the following functions:

  • Accumulation of cellobiose;
  • Inactivation of cellulose endoglucanase and exoglucanase;
  • Utilization of cellobiose

Just as transformers can transform from ordinary cars to super combat robots, our Transformer can transform waste paper into BC, which would play a big role in medical, environmental industries, textiles and other fields.

ECUST_China

EAST CHINA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Shanghai, China

GET IN TOUCH

+86 021-64253306

ecust_igem_2019@163.com