Difference between revisions of "Team:Fudan-TSI/Measurement"

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{{Fudan-TSI}}
 
{{Fudan-TSI}}
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    <title>2019 Team:Fudan-TSI Measurement</title>
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.igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper h4,  
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.igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper h5,  
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padding: 10px;
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.igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper ul ol li, .igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper ul ul ol li,  
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.igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper ol ol li, .igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper ul ol ul li,  
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.igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper ol ul li, .igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper ul ol ol li,  
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.igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper ol ul ul li, .igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper ol ol ul li,
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.igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper .column.full_size img,  
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.igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper .column.two_thirds_size img,
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.igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper .column.third_size img {
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/*support classes*/
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/*Button  */
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+
 
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/*highlight */
+
/************************************************/
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.igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper .highlight p,
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.igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper .highlight h1,
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.igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper .highlight h2,
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.igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper .highlight h3,
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.igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper .highlight h4,
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.igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper .highlight h5,
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.igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper .highlight h6 {
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padding: 5px 15px;
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.igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper .highlight.decoration_A_full {
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+
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.igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper .highlight.decoration_B_top {
+
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+
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+
 
+
 
+
.igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper .highlight.decoration_B_full {
+
    border: 4px solid #ffb819;
+
}
+
 
+
 
+
 
+
 
+
/*mobile*/
+
/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
+
 
+
 
+
/* 1800px  */
+
/************************************************/
+
@media only screen and (max-width: 1800px) {
+
.igem_2019_team_content { width: 85%;}
+
.igem_2019_team_menu {display:block;}
+
+
}
+
 
+
/* 1400px  */
+
/************************************************/
+
@media only screen and (max-width: 1400px) {
+
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+
.igem_2019_team_menu .submenu .submenu_item { font-size:90%;}
+
.igem_2019_team_menu {display:block;}
+
}
+
 
+
 
+
/* 1100px  */
+
/************************************************/
+
@media only screen and (max-width: 1100px) {
+
.igem_2019_team_content {width:100%; margin-left:0px;}
+
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.igem_2019_team_menu {display:none;float:right;margin-top:47px;max-width:100%;position:fixed;width:25%;}
+
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.igem_2019_team_mobile_bar {display:block;}
+
+
.igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper .column.full_size, .igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper .column.two_thirds_size,.igem_2019_team_content .igem_2019_team_column_wrapper .column.third_size {width:96%; }
+
 
+
}
+
 
+
/* 850px  */
+
/************************************************/
+
@media only screen and (max-width: 850px) {
+
.igem_2019_team_menu {width:40%;}
+
}
+
 
+
/*500px  */
+
/************************************************/
+
@media only screen and (max-width: 500px) {
+
.igem_2019_team_menu {min-width:100%;width:100%;}
+
}
+
 
+
 
+
/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
+
 
+
 
+
 
+
 
+
 
+
</style>
+
 
+
 
+
<!------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
+
<!--- THIS IS WHERE THE HTML BEGINS --->
+
<!------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
+
 
+
<head>
+
 
+
<!-- This tells the browser that your page is responsive -->
+
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+
+
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Fudan-TSI/jQuery&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript"></script>
+
+
+
+
 
</head>
 
</head>
 +
<body>
 +
<div id="FudanTSIdivWrapper"><div id="FudanTSIBody">
 +
  <header>
 +
  <div id="emptyBar" style="position:relative;width: 100%;"></div><nav id="topNav" class="black z-depth-0_5"><div class="nav-wrapper"><div id="teamLogo" class="brand-logo"> <a href="/Team:Fudan-TSI" target="_self"><img alt="2019 team logo" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/d/d3/T--Fudan-TSI--HomepageLogo.gif"></a></div><ul id="nav-mobile" class="right"><!-- @@ --><li> <a id="navList" data-target="slide-out" class="waves-effect waves-light sidenav-trigger right"> <i class="fa fa-navicon" style="font-size: 24px"></i> </a></li></ul></div> </nav>
 +
  <!-- Dropdown and List elements in navigation bar -->
  
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Fudan-TSI/Fudan-font-awesome.css&action=raw&ctype=text/css" />
+
  <ul id="slide-out" class="sidenav">
 
+
    <li style="padding: 0"><div class="sidenavBanner">
<!------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
+
      <div class="background"></div>
<!--- Menu --->
+
      <p class="flow-text" style="width:100%;text-align:center"><span class="white-text">Measurement</span></p>
<!------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
+
    </div></li>
+
    <li>
 
+
      <ul class="collapsible expandable">
<style>
+
        <li class="onThisPageNav"><span>On this page</span></li>
+
        <li class="onThisPageNav"><a href="#section1">Overview</a></li>
    *{margin: 0;padding: 0;list-style: none;}
+
        <li class="onThisPageNav"><a href="#section2">Naked eye</a></li>
/* via: https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41014370/article/details/79523637 */
+
        <li class="onThisPageNav"><a href="#section3">PCR verification</a></li>
 
+
        <li class="onThisPageNav"><a href="#section4">The kit</a></li>
/** 清除内外边距 **/
+
        <li class="onThisPageNav"><a href="#section5">SDS-PAGE</a></li>
body, h1, h3, h3, h4, h5, h6, hr, p, blockquote, /* structural elements 结构元素 */
+
dl, dt, dd, ul, ol, li, /* list elements 列表元素 */
+
pre, /* text formatting elements 文本格式元素 */
+
form, fieldset, legend, button, input, textarea, /* form elements 表单元素 */
+
th, td /* table elements 表格元素 */ {
+
margin: 0;
+
padding: 0;
+
}
+
 
+
/** 设置默认字体 **/
+
 
+
/* @@@@ h1, h3, h3, h4, h5, h6 { font-size: 100%; }*/
+
address, cite, dfn, em, var { font-style: normal; } /* 将斜体扶正 */
+
code, kbd, pre, samp { font-family: courier new, courier, monospace; } /* 统一等宽字体 */
+
/* @@@@ small { font-size: 12px; } /* 小于 12px 的中文很难阅读,让 small 正常化 */
+
 
+
/** 重置列表元素 **/
+
ul, ol { list-style: none; }
+
 
+
/** 重置文本格式元素 **/
+
a { text-decoration: none; }
+
a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
+
 
+
 
+
/** 重置表单元素 **/
+
legend { color: #000; } /* for ie6 */
+
fieldset, img { border: 0; } /* img 搭车:让链接里的 img 无边框 */
+
button, input, select, textarea { font-size: 100%; } /* 使得表单元素在 ie 下能继承字体大小 */
+
/* 注:optgroup 无法扶正 */
+
 
+
/** 重置表格元素 **/
+
table { border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0; }
+
+
</style>
+
 
+
 
+
 
+
 
+
<!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------    Content begins    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
+
<!---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
+
 
+
+
+
+
+
+
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css">
+
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-ggOyR0iXCbMQv3Xipma34MD+dH/1fQ784/j6cY/iJTQUOhcWr7x9JvoRxT2MZw1T" crossorigin="anonymous">
+
+
+
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Fudan-TSI/materialize.css&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/css">
+
+
<style>
+
+
body{
+
margin:0;
+
padding:0;
+
background-color:#08273a;
+
}
+
a{
+
text-decoration:none;
+
}
+
#global_wrapper{
+
width:100%;
+
height:auto;
+
margin:0;
+
position:absolute;
+
}
+
#navUl{
+
width:100%;
+
height:110px;
+
padding:40px 0 0 0;
+
overflow:visible;
+
position:fixed;
+
list-style:none;
+
z-index:999;
+
background-color:#08273a;
+
margin:0;
+
top:0;
+
}
+
#mobileNav{
+
width:100%;
+
height:80px;
+
padding:20px 0 0 0;
+
top:0;
+
background-color:#001d2a;
+
position:fixed;
+
display:none;
+
text-align:center;
+
z-index:999;
+
}
+
#mobileNav img{
+
display:none;
+
margin:0;
+
padding:0;
+
 
+
}
+
#mobileLogo{
+
display:inline-block;
+
}
+
#mobileControl{
+
float:right;
+
display:inline-block;
+
margin-right:15px;
+
margin-top:3px;
+
}
+
#mobileCtrl{
+
height:25px;
+
}
+
#mobileTeamName{
+
display:inline-block;
+
}
+
#navImg{
+
display:inline-block;
+
float:left;
+
height:70px;
+
width:auto;
+
position:relative;
+
margin-left:4%;
+
margin-top:0;
+
}
+
.logo{
+
height:55px;
+
width:auto;
+
margin-top:1.3%;
+
}
+
.teamname{
+
height:28px;
+
}
+
 
+
#navBar{
+
float:right;
+
position:relative;
+
width:auto;
+
display:inline-block;
+
margin-right:4%;
+
}
+
.navLi{
+
float:left;
+
display:inline-block;
+
margin-top:3%;
+
color:white;
+
font-size:20px;
+
position:relative;
+
margin-left:18px;
+
text-align:center;
+
font-family:"Lucida Grande", "Lucida Sans Unicode", "Lucida Sans", "DejaVu Sans", Verdana, "sans-serif";
+
text-decoration:none;
+
}
+
.navA{
+
display:block;
+
text-align:center;
+
color:white;
+
text-decoration:none;
+
}
+
.navA2{
+
display:block;
+
overflow:visible;
+
color:white;
+
height:auto;
+
}
+
.ul2{
+
list-style:none;
+
position:absolute;
+
display:none;
+
overflow:hidden;
+
padding:10px 0 0 0 !important;
+
margin:0 !important;
+
font-size:17px;
+
left:50%;
+
transform:translateX(-50%);
+
border-bottom-left-radius: 10px;
+
border-bottom-right-radius: 10px;
+
background:linear-gradient(#08273a,rgba(0,138,201,1));
+
}
+
.li2{
+
padding:0;
+
margin:10px 20px;
+
text-align:center;
+
display:block;
+
}
+
.navA:link,.navA2:link{
+
text-decoration:none;
+
}
+
.navA:visited{
+
color:white;
+
}
+
.navA2:visited,.navA2:active{
+
color:white;
+
}
+
.navA:hover{
+
color:#7dded4;
+
}
+
.navA2:hover{
+
color:#7dded4;
+
}
+
.jqhover{
+
color:#7dded4;
+
}
+
.navA:hover{
+
text-decoration:none;
+
}
+
.navA:active{
+
text-decoration:none;
+
color:white;
+
}
+
 
+
</style>
+
 
+
+
 
+
+
<style>
+
+
#pageContent{
+
margin:100px 0 0 0;
+
text-align:center;
+
}
+
+
.row{
+
clear:both!important;
+
}
+
 
+
.title1{
+
font-size:2.3rem;
+
text-align:center;
+
color:white;
+
display:block;
+
margin-top:10%;
+
margin-bottom:7%;
+
line-height:110%;
+
}
+
.title2{
+
color:white;
+
text-align:left;
+
font-size:2rem;
+
line-height:130%;
+
display:block;
+
width:100%;
+
}
+
.title3{
+
font-size:1.4rem;
+
color:white;
+
text-align:left !important;
+
display:block;
+
width:100%;
+
line-height:110%;
+
padding-left:2%;
+
}
+
.para1{
+
color:white;
+
text-align:justify !important;
+
align-items:flex-start;
+
line-height:140%;
+
font-size:1.3rem;
+
margin-bottom:50px !important;
+
width:100%;
+
margin:auto 0;
+
}
+
.para1 a{
+
text-decoration:underline !important;
+
color:white;
+
}
+
.para1 a:visited, .para1 a:active{
+
color:white;
+
}
+
.para1 a:hover{
+
color:rgba(96,255,249,1.00)!important;
+
}
+
.content1{
+
margin:7% auto;
+
}
+
.pic2{
+
width:150%;
+
}
+
.reverseDiv{
+
position:relative !important;
+
float:right !important;
+
}
+
 
+
+
.paraUl{
+
list-style-type:decimal !important;
+
list-style-position:outside;
+
padding-left:auto;
+
font-size:1rem;
+
}
+
.paraUl li{
+
padding-right:4% ;
+
}
+
+
+
#containerWithLeftNav{
+
display:block;
+
margin-left:25%;
+
}
+
.legend{
+
color:white;
+
text-align:center;
+
}
+
.legend>div{
+
width:100%;
+
text-align:justify!important;
+
font-size:1.1rem;
+
}
+
.legends{
+
margin:auto 15%;
+
}
+
 
+
 
+
</style>
+
+
<style>
+
+
@media only screen and (max-width:1200px){
+
#mobileBar{
+
margin-left:4%;
+
}
+
.navLi{
+
font-size:18px;
+
margin-top:3.5%;
+
}
+
}
+
+
+
@media only screen and (max-width:1100px){
+
+
#navUl{
+
display:block;
+
float:right;
+
margin-top:0;
+
top:80px;
+
right:0;
+
background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);
+
padding:0;
+
}
+
+
#mobileNav{
+
display:block;
+
}
+
+
#navImg{
+
display:none;
+
}
+
+
+
#navBar{
+
margin:0 1% 0 0;
+
padding-right:2%;
+
padding-left:1%;
+
position:relative;
+
display:none;
+
}
+
+
#mobileNav img{
+
display:inline-block;
+
margin:5px 0;
+
padding:0;
+
}
+
#mobileControl{
+
margin-top:8px;
+
}
+
 
+
.logo{
+
height:45px;
+
margin-top:7px;
+
}
+
.navLi{
+
display:block;
+
position:relative;
+
float:right;
+
clear:both;
+
white-space:nowrap;
+
text-align:right;
+
margin:0;
+
height:60px;
+
width:100%;
+
background-color:#00324a;
+
}
+
.navA{
+
display:block;
+
text-align:right;
+
position:relative;
+
float:right;
+
padding:20px 20px !important;
+
}
+
.n2{
+
display:none;
+
width:0;
+
position:relative;
+
float:left;
+
text-align:right;
+
}
+
.ul2{
+
background:none;
+
padding-top:0;
+
background-color:#00557b;
+
text-align:right;
+
display:block;
+
position:relative;
+
float:right;
+
right:100%;
+
transform:translateX(0%);
+
top:0;
+
transform:translateY(1%);
+
border-radius:0 0 0 10px;
+
}
+
.open{
+
display:block;
+
}
+
+
.title2{
+
font-size:1.8rem;
+
line-height:140%;
+
}
+
.para1{
+
font-size:1.3rem;
+
}
+
.pic2{
+
width:120%;
+
}
+
+
.highlightIcon{
+
margin:20% auto 10% auto;
+
}
+
.highlightTitle{
+
margin-bottom:15%;
+
}
+
 
+
+
}
+
+
+
@media only screen and (max-width:992px){
+
+
#navUl{
+
display:block;
+
float:right;
+
margin:0;
+
top:80px;
+
right:0;
+
}
+
+
#mobileNav{
+
display:block;
+
}
+
+
#navImg{
+
display:none;
+
}
+
+
#navTeamName{
+
display:none;
+
}
+
+
#navBar{
+
margin:0 1% 0 0 ;
+
margin-right:2%;
+
padding-right:1%;
+
padding-left:1%;
+
position:relative;
+
display:none;
+
}
+
#mobileControl{
+
margin-top:10px;
+
}
+
#mobileNav img{
+
display:inline-block;
+
margin:5px 0;
+
padding:0;
+
}
+
.logo{
+
height:40px;
+
}
+
.navLi{
+
display:block;
+
position:relative;
+
float:right;
+
clear:both;
+
white-space:nowrap;
+
text-align:right;
+
height:60px;
+
width:100%;
+
}
+
.navA{
+
display:block;
+
text-align:right;
+
position:relative;
+
float:right;
+
font-size:15px;
+
}
+
.n2{
+
display:none;
+
width:0;
+
position:relative;
+
float:left;
+
}
+
.ul2{
+
font-size:13px;
+
}
+
.open{
+
display:block;
+
}
+
+
 
+
+
#animation_container{
+
display:none;
+
}
+
#teamLogo{
+
display:block;
+
}
+
 
+
+
.title2{
+
font-size:1.5rem;
+
}
+
.para1{
+
font-size:1.2rem;
+
}
+
.pic2{
+
width:100%;
+
}
+
 
+
+
}
+
+
+
@media only screen and (max-width:768px){
+
.col-md-4{
+
clear:both;
+
}
+
.col-md-8{
+
clear:both;
+
}
+
.pic2{
+
margin-bottom:10%;
+
width:80%;
+
}
+
.title2{
+
font-size:1.2rem;
+
}
+
.para1{
+
font-size:1rem;
+
}
+
.pic2{
+
width:80%;
+
}
+
#sponser img {
+
width:60%;
+
}
+
+
#containerWithLeftNav{
+
margin-left:auto;
+
}
+
+
}
+
+
</style>
+
 
+
 
+
+
+
 
+
 
+
<style>
+
#footContainer{
+
width:90%;
+
}
+
#FudanFooter{
+
margin:auto 0;
+
width:100%;
+
padding:3% 0;
+
}
+
#FudanFooter #usefulLinks {
+
color: #cacaca;
+
padding-left: 1rem;
+
}
+
 
+
#FudanFooter #usefulLinks ul {
+
font-size: 13px;
+
line-height: 14px;
+
border-top: solid 2px;
+
color: inherit;
+
text-decoration: none;
+
padding-top: 5px;
+
margin:0;
+
}
+
 
+
#FudanFooter #usefulLinks div {
+
color: #cacaca;
+
}
+
 
+
#FudanFooter #usefulLinks div:hover {
+
color: white;
+
}
+
 
+
#FudanFooter #usefulLinks a {
+
color: inherit;
+
}
+
 
+
#FudanFooter #usefulLinks a:hover {
+
text-decoration: underline;
+
}
+
 
+
#FudanFooter #usefulLinks div.active,
+
#FudanFooter #usefulLinks div.active a {
+
color: white;
+
}
+
 
+
#FudanFooter #usefulLinks div.active ul {
+
border-top: solid white 2px;
+
}
+
 
+
#FudanFooter #usefulLinks li {
+
padding: 3px 0 6px 3px;
+
list-style:none;
+
}
+
 
+
#usefulLinks span {
+
font-size: 20px;
+
}
+
+
 
+
#FudanFooter div.footer-copyright {
+
font-size: 13px;
+
line-height: 15px;
+
}
+
.footerUl{
+
margin:2% 4%;
+
}
+
</style>
+
 
+
<script>
+
+
$(document).ready(function(){
+
+
+
var winWidth=$(window).width();
+
+
if (winWidth>1100){
+
$(".navA").mouseenter(function(){
+
$(this).parent().find(".ul2").stop().fadeIn(400);
+
});
+
$(".navLi").mouseleave(function(){
+
$(this).find(".ul2").stop().fadeOut(400);
+
});
+
+
+
}
+
else{
+
$(".navA:not(.noSubmenu)").removeAttr("href");
+
$("#mobileNav").click(function(){
+
$("#navBar").toggle();
+
});
+
$(document).click(function(event){
+
var m = $("#mobileNav,#navBar");
+
if (!m.is(event.target)){
+
if (m.has(event.target).length===0){
+
$("#navBar").hide();
+
$(".open").parent().find(".navA").css("color","white");
+
$(".open").removeClass("open");
+
}
+
 
+
}
+
});
+
$(".navLi").click(function(){
+
if ($(this).find(".n2").hasClass("open")){
+
$(".open").parent().find(".navA").css("color","white");
+
$(this).find(".n2").removeClass("open");
+
}
+
else{
+
$(".open").parent().find(".navA").css("color","white");
+
$(".open").removeClass("open");
+
$(this).find(".n2").addClass("open");
+
$(this).find(".navA").css("color","#7dded4");
+
}
+
});
+
}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
});
+
+
+
</script>
+
+
+
+
<div id="global_wrapper">
+
<div id="mobileNav">
+
+
<div id="mobileLogo"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/d/d3/T--Fudan-TSI--HomepageLogo.gif" class="logo"></div>
+
<div id="mobileControl"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/thumb/a/ae/T--Fudan-TSI--mobileCtrl.gif/683px-T--Fudan-TSI--mobileCtrl.gif" id="mobileCtrl"></div>
+
+
</div>
+
+
<ul id="navUl">
+
+
<li id="navImg">
+
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/d/d3/T--Fudan-TSI--HomepageLogo.gif" class="logo">
+
+
</li>
+
+
+
<ul id="navBar">
+
+
<li class="navLi"><a class="navA noSubmenu" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI">Home</a></li>
+
+
<li class="navLi">
+
<a class="navA" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Description">Project</a>
+
<div class="n2">
+
<ul class="ul2">
+
<li class="li2"><a class="navA2" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Description">Description</a></li>
+
<li class="li2"><a class="navA2" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Design">Design</a></li>
+
<li class="li2"><a class="navA2" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Design" style="white-space:nowrap">Applied Design</a></li>
+
<li class="li2"><a class="navA2" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Experiment">Experiment</a></li>
+
</ul>
+
</div>
+
</li>
+
+
<li class="navLi">
+
<a class="navA" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Results">Results</a>
+
<div class="n2">
+
<ul class="ul2">
+
<li class="li2"><a class="navA2" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Results/Reverse_Transcription">Reverse Transcription</a></li>
+
<li class="li2"><a class="navA2" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Results/Recombination">Recombination</a></li>
+
<li class="li2"><a class="navA2" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Demonstrate">Demonstration</a></li>
+
<li class="li2"><a class="navA2" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Measurement">Measurement</a></li>
+
<li class="li2"><a class="navA2" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Notebook">Notebook</a></li>
+
</ul>
+
</div>
+
</li>
+
+
<li class="navLi">
+
<a class="navA" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Model_Software">Model</a>
+
<div class="n2">
+
<ul class="ul2">
+
<li class="li2"><a class="navA2" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Model">Modeling</a></li>
+
<li class="li2"><a class="navA2" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Software">Software</a></li>
+
</ul>
+
</div>
+
</li>
+
+
<li class="navLi">
+
<a class="navA" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Parts">Parts</a>
+
<div class="n2">
+
<ul class="ul2">
+
<li class="li2"><a class="navA2" style="white-space:nowrap;" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Basic_Part">Basic Parts</a></li>
+
<li class="li2"><a class="navA2" style="white-space:nowrap;" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Composite_Part">Composite Parts</a></li>
+
<li class="li2"><a class="navA2" style="white-space:nowrap;" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Improve">Improved Parts</a></li>
+
<li class="li2"><a class="navA2" style="white-space:nowrap;" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Part_Collection">Part Collection</a></li>
+
</ul>
+
</div>
+
</li>
+
+
<li class="navLi">
+
<a class="navA" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Human_Practices">Human Practices</a>
+
<div class="n2">
+
<ul class="ul2">
+
<li class="li2"><a class="navA2" style="white-space:nowrap;" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Public_Engagement">Education &amp; <br />Public Engagement</a></li>
+
<li class="li2"><a class="navA2" style="white-space:nowrap;" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Integrated_Human_Practice">Integrated <br />Human Practice</a></li>
+
<li class="li2"><a class="navA2" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Collaborations">Collaboration</a></li>
+
<li class="li2"><a class="navA2" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Safety">Safety</a></li>
+
</ul>
+
</div>
+
</li>
+
+
<li class="navLi">
+
<a class="navA" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Team">Team</a>
+
<div class="n2">
+
<ul class="ul2">
+
<li class="li2"><a class="navA2" style="white-space:nowrap;" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Team">Team Members</a></li>
+
<li class="li2"><a class="navA2" href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Fudan-TSI/Team/Attribution">Attribution</a></li>
+
</ul>
+
</div>
+
</li>
+
+
<li class="navLi"><a class="navA noSubmenu" href="https://igem.org/2019_Judging_Form?id=3257">Judging</a></li>
+
+
</ul>
+
+
+
</ul>
+
 
+
<!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
+
<!---- Cover ---->
+
<!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
+
+
<div id="pageCover">
+
+
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Fudan-TSI/bkg&amp;action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript"></script>
+
<script>
+
$(document).ready(function($){
+
var $root = $('html, body');
+
$('a[href^="#"]').click(function() {
+
var href = $.attr(this, 'href');
+
$root.animate({
+
scrollTop: $(href).offset().top
+
}, 1000, function () {
+
window.location.hash = href;
+
});
+
return false;
+
});
+
})
+
</script>
+
+
<svg id="demo" viewBox="0 0 1600 600" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid slice" style="z-index: -100;">
+
  <defs>
+
<linearGradient id="grad1" x1="0" y1="0" x2="1" y2="0" color-interpolation="sRGB">
+
  <stop id="stop1a" offset="0%" stop-color="#12a3b4"></stop>
+
  <stop id="stop1b" offset="100%" stop-color="#ff509e"></stop>
+
</linearGradient>
+
<linearGradient id="grad2" x1="0" y1="0" x2="1" y2="0" color-interpolation="sRGB">
+
  <stop id="stop2a" offset="0%" stop-color="#e3bc13"></stop>
+
  <stop id="stop2b" offset="100%" stop-color="#00a78f"></stop>
+
</linearGradient>
+
  </defs>
+
  <rect id="rect1" x="0" y="0" width="1600" height="600" stroke="none" fill="url(#grad1)"></rect>
+
  <rect id="rect2" x="0" y="0" width="1600" height="600" stroke="none" fill="url(#grad2)"></rect>
+
</svg>
+
<div id="demoCover"><img id="coverPic" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/d/d9/T--Fudan-TSI--coverDesign.gif"></div>
+
</div>
+
<style>
+
#pageCover{
+
width:100%;
+
margin:0;
+
padding-top:80px;
+
}
+
#demoCover{
+
width:100vw;
+
height:80vh;
+
position:absolute;
+
background-color:rgba(8,39,58,0.5);
+
top:70px;
+
left:0;
+
text-align:center;
+
}
+
#coverPic{
+
width:550px;
+
margin:20vh auto;
+
}
+
#demo{
+
width:100vw;
+
height:70vh;
+
position:relative;
+
}
+
#demo svg {
+
  width: 100%;
+
  height: 100%;
+
  position: fixed;
+
}
+
#demo svg g {
+
  mix-blend-mode: lighten;
+
}
+
#demo svg polygon {
+
  stroke: none;
+
  fill: white;
+
}
+
+
@media only screen and (max-width:1100px){
+
#pageCover{
+
padding-top:55px;
+
}
+
#demoCover{
+
top:55px;
+
height:30vh;
+
}
+
#demo{
+
height:30vh;
+
}
+
#coverPic{
+
width:500px;
+
margin:7vh auto;
+
}
+
}
+
@media only screen and (max-width:992px){
+
#pageCover{
+
padding-top:55px;
+
}
+
#demoCover{
+
top:55px;
+
}
+
#coverPic{
+
width:500px;
+
margin:6vh auto;
+
}
+
}
+
@media only screen and (max-width:768px){
+
#pageCover{
+
padding-top:55px;
+
}
+
#demoCover{
+
top:55px;
+
}
+
#coverPic{
+
width:400px;
+
margin:8vh auto;
+
}
+
}
+
@media only screen and (max-width:500px){
+
#coverPic{
+
width:200px;
+
margin:8vh auto;
+
}
+
}
+
</style>
+
<script>
+
//////////////////////////////
+
// Demo Functions
+
//////////////////////////////
+
function bkgFunction(showStats) {
+
  // stats
+
  if (showStats) {
+
var stats = new Stats();
+
stats.domElement.style.position = 'absolute';
+
stats.domElement.style.left = '0';
+
stats.domElement.style.top = '0';
+
document.body.appendChild(stats.domElement);
+
requestAnimationFrame(function updateStats(){
+
  stats.update();
+
  requestAnimationFrame(updateStats);
+
});
+
  }
+
  // init
+
  var svg = document.getElementById('demo');
+
  tesselation.setup(svg);
+
  gradients.setup();
+
  var lastTransitionAt, transitionDelay = 10000, transitionDuration = 3000;
+
  function playNextTransition() {
+
tesselation.next(transitionDuration);
+
gradients.next(transitionDuration);
+
  };
+
  function tick(time) {
+
if (!lastTransitionAt || time - lastTransitionAt > transitionDelay) {
+
  lastTransitionAt = time;
+
  playNextTransition();
+
}
+
window.requestAnimationFrame(tick);
+
  }
+
  window.requestAnimationFrame(tick);
+
}
+
//////////////////////////////
+
// Delaunay Triangulation
+
//////////////////////////////
+
var calcDelaunayTriangulation = (function() {
+
  var EPSILON = 1.0 / 1048576.0;
+
  function getSuperT(vertices) {
+
var xMin = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY, yMin = Number.POSITIVE_INFINITY,
+
xMax = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY, yMax = Number.NEGATIVE_INFINITY,
+
i, xDiff, yDiff, maxDiff, xCenter, yCenter;
+
for(i = vertices.length; i--; ) {
+
  if(vertices[i][0] < xMin) xMin = vertices[i][0];
+
  if(vertices[i][0] > xMax) xMax = vertices[i][0];
+
  if(vertices[i][1] < yMin) yMin = vertices[i][1];
+
  if(vertices[i][1] > yMax) yMax = vertices[i][1];
+
}
+
xDiff = xMax - xMin;
+
yDiff = yMax - yMin;
+
maxDiff = Math.max(xDiff, yDiff);
+
xCenter = xMin + xDiff * 0.5;
+
yCenter = yMin + yDiff * 0.5;
+
return [
+
  [xCenter - 20 * maxDiff, yCenter - maxDiff],
+
  [xCenter, yCenter + 20 * maxDiff],
+
  [xCenter + 20 * maxDiff, yCenter - maxDiff]
+
];
+
  }
+
  function circumcircle(vertices, i, j, k) {
+
var xI = vertices[i][0], yI = vertices[i][1],
+
xJ = vertices[j][0], yJ = vertices[j][1],
+
xK = vertices[k][0], yK = vertices[k][1],
+
yDiffIJ = Math.abs(yI - yJ), yDiffJK = Math.abs(yJ - yK),
+
xCenter, yCenter, m1, m2, xMidIJ, xMidJK, yMidIJ, yMidJK, xDiff, yDiff;
+
// bail condition
+
if(yDiffIJ < EPSILON){
+
if (yDiffJK < EPSILON){
+
throw new Error("Can't get circumcircle since all 3 points are y-aligned");
+
}
+
}
+
+
+
// calc circumcircle center x/y, radius
+
m1  = -((xJ - xI) / (yJ - yI));
+
m2  = -((xK - xJ) / (yK - yJ));
+
xMidIJ = (xI + xJ) / 2.0;
+
xMidJK = (xJ + xK) / 2.0;
+
yMidIJ = (yI + yJ) / 2.0;
+
yMidJK = (yJ + yK) / 2.0;
+
xCenter = (yDiffIJ < EPSILON) ? xMidIJ :
+
  (yDiffJK < EPSILON) ? xMidJK :
+
  (m1 * xMidIJ - m2 * xMidJK + yMidJK - yMidIJ) / (m1 - m2);
+
yCenter  = (yDiffIJ > yDiffJK) ?
+
  m1 * (xCenter - xMidIJ) + yMidIJ :
+
  m2 * (xCenter - xMidJK) + yMidJK;
+
xDiff = xJ - xCenter;
+
yDiff = yJ - yCenter;
+
// return
+
return {i: i, j: j, k: k, x: xCenter, y: yCenter, r: xDiff * xDiff + yDiff * yDiff};
+
  }
+
  function dedupeEdges(edges) {
+
var i, j, a, b, m, n;
+
for(j = edges.length; j; ) {
+
  b = edges[--j]; a = edges[--j];
+
  for(i = j; i; ) {
+
n = edges[--i]; m = edges[--i];
+
if(a === m){
+
  if (b===n){
+
  edges.splice(j, 2); edges.splice(i, 2);
+
  break;
+
  }  
+
}
+
if(a === n){
+
  if (b===m){
+
  edges.splice(j, 2); edges.splice(i, 2);
+
  break;
+
  }  
+
}
+
  }
+
}
+
  }
+
  return function(vertices) {
+
var n = vertices.length,
+
i, j, indices, st, candidates, locked, edges, dx, dy, a, b, c;
+
// bail if too few / too many verts
+
if(n < 3 || n > 2000)
+
  return [];
+
// copy verts and sort indices by x-position
+
vertices = vertices.slice(0);
+
indices = new Array(n);
+
for(i = n; i--; )
+
  indices[i] = i;
+
indices.sort(function(i, j) {
+
  return vertices[j][0] - vertices[i][0];
+
});
+
// supertriangle
+
st = getSuperT(vertices);
+
vertices.push(st[0], st[1], st[2]);
+
// init candidates/locked tris list
+
candidates = [circumcircle(vertices, n + 0, n + 1, n + 2)];
+
locked = [];
+
edges = [];
+
// scan left to right
+
for(i = indices.length; i--; edges.length = 0) {
+
  c = indices[i];
+
  // check candidates tris against point
+
  for(j = candidates.length; j--; ) {
+
// lock tri if point to right of circumcirc
+
dx = vertices[c][0] - candidates[j].x;
+
if (dx > 0.0){
+
if(dx * dx > candidates[j].r){
+
locked.push(candidates[j]);
+
  candidates.splice(j, 1);
+
  continue;
+
}
+
}
+
 
+
 
+
// point outside circumcirc = leave candidates
+
dy = vertices[c][1] - candidates[j].y;
+
if(dx * dx + dy * dy - candidates[j].r > EPSILON)
+
  continue;
+
// point inside circumcirc = break apart, save edges
+
edges.push(
+
  candidates[j].i, candidates[j].j,
+
  candidates[j].j, candidates[j].k,
+
  candidates[j].k, candidates[j].i
+
);
+
candidates.splice(j, 1);
+
  }
+
  // new candidates from broken edges
+
  dedupeEdges(edges);
+
  for(j = edges.length; j; ) {
+
b = edges[--j];
+
a = edges[--j];
+
candidates.push(circumcircle(vertices, a, b, c));
+
  }
+
}
+
// close candidates tris, remove tris touching supertri verts
+
for(i = candidates.length; i--; )
+
  locked.push(candidates[i]);
+
candidates.length = 0;
+
for(i = locked.length; i--; )
+
  if(locked[i].i < n){
+
  if(locked[i].j < n){
+
  if(locked[i].k < n){
+
  candidates.push(locked[i].i, locked[i].j, locked[i].k);
+
  }
+
  }
+
  }
+
+
+
// done
+
return candidates;
+
  };
+
})();
+
var tesselation = (function() {
+
  var svg, svgW, svgH, prevGroup;
+
  function createRandomTesselation() {
+
var wW = window.innerWidth;
+
var wH = window.innerHeight;
+
var gridSpacing = 250, scatterAmount = 0.75;
+
var gridSize, i, x, y;
+
if (wW / wH > svgW / svgH) { // window wider than svg = use width for gridSize
+
  gridSize = gridSpacing * svgW / wW;
+
} else { // window taller than svg = use height for gridSize
+
  gridSize = gridSpacing * svgH / wH;
+
}
+
var vertices = [];
+
var xOffset = (svgW % gridSize) / 2, yOffset = (svgH % gridSize) / 2;
+
for (x = Math.floor(svgW/gridSize) + 1; x >= -1; x--) {
+
  for (y = Math.floor(svgH/gridSize) + 1; y >= -1; y--) {
+
vertices.push(
+
  [
+
xOffset + gridSize * (x + scatterAmount * (Math.random() - 0.5)),
+
yOffset + gridSize * (y + scatterAmount * (Math.random() - 0.5))
+
  ]
+
);
+
  }
+
}
+
var triangles = calcDelaunayTriangulation(vertices);
+
var group = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg','g');
+
var polygon;
+
for(i = triangles.length; i; ) {
+
  polygon = document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/2000/svg','polygon');
+
  polygon.setAttribute('points',
+
vertices[triangles[--i]][0] + ',' + vertices[triangles[i]][1] + ' ' +
+
vertices[triangles[--i]][0] + ',' + vertices[triangles[i]][1] + ' ' +
+
vertices[triangles[--i]][0] + ',' + vertices[triangles[i]][1]
+
  );
+
  group.appendChild(polygon);
+
}
+
return group;
+
  }
+
  return {
+
setup: function(svgElement) {
+
  svg = svgElement;
+
  var vb = svg.getAttribute('viewBox').split(/\D/g);
+
  svgW = vb[2];
+
  svgH = vb[3];
+
},
+
next: function(t) {
+
  var toRemove, i, n;
+
  t /= 1000;
+
if(prevGroup){
+
if(prevGroup.children){
+
if(prevGroup.children.length){
+
toRemove = prevGroup;
+
n = toRemove.children.length;
+
for (i = n; i--; ) {
+
  TweenMax.to(toRemove.children[i], t*0.4, {opacity: 0, delay: t*(0.3*i/n)});
+
}
+
TweenMax.delayedCall(t * (0.7 + 0.05), function(group) { svg.removeChild(group); }, [toRemove], this);
+
}
+
}
+
}
+
+
  var g = createRandomTesselation();
+
  n = g.children.length;
+
  for (i = n; i--; ) {
+
TweenMax.fromTo(g.children[i], t*0.4, {opacity: 0}, {opacity: 0.3 + 0.25 * Math.random(), delay: t*(0.3*i/n + 0.3), ease: Back.easeOut});
+
  }
+
  svg.appendChild(g);
+
  prevGroup = g;
+
}
+
  }
+
})();
+
//////////////////////////////
+
// Gradients
+
//////////////////////////////
+
var gradients = (function() {
+
  var grad1, grad2, showingGrad1;
+
  // using colors from IBM Design Colors this time
+
  var colors = [ // 14 colors - use 3-5 span
+
'#3c6df0', // ultramarine50
+
'#12a3b4', // aqua40
+
'#00a78f', // teal40
+
'#00aa5e', // green40
+
'#81b532', // lime30
+
'#e3bc13', // yellow20
+
'#ffb000', // gold20
+
'#fe8500', // orange30
+
'#fe6100', // peach40
+
'#e62325', // red50
+
'#dc267f', // magenta50
+
'#c22dd5', // purple50
+
'#9753e1', // violet50
+
'#5a3ec8'  // indigo60
+
  ];
+
  function assignRandomColors(gradObj) {
+
var rA = Math.floor(colors.length * Math.random());
+
var rB = Math.floor(Math.random() * 3) + 3; // [3 - 5]
+
rB = (rA + (rB * (Math.random() < 0.5 ? -1 : 1)) + colors.length) % colors.length;
+
gradObj.stopA.setAttribute('stop-color', colors[rA]);
+
gradObj.stopB.setAttribute('stop-color', colors[rB]);
+
  }
+
  return {
+
setup: function() {
+
  showingGrad1 = false;
+
  grad1 = {
+
stopA: document.getElementById('stop1a'),
+
stopB: document.getElementById('stop1b'),
+
rect:  document.getElementById('rect1')
+
  };
+
  grad2 = {
+
stopA: document.getElementById('stop2a'),
+
stopB: document.getElementById('stop2b'),
+
rect:  document.getElementById('rect2')
+
  };
+
  grad1.rect.style.opacity = 0;
+
  grad2.rect.style.opacity = 0;
+
},
+
next: function(t) {
+
  t /= 1000;
+
  var show, hide;
+
  if (showingGrad1) {
+
hide = grad1;
+
show = grad2;
+
  } else {
+
hide = grad2;
+
show = grad1;
+
  }
+
  showingGrad1 = !showingGrad1;
+
  TweenMax.to(hide.rect, 0.55*t, {opacity: 0, delay: 0.2*t, ease: Sine.easeOut});
+
  assignRandomColors(show);
+
  TweenMax.to(show.rect, 0.65*t, {opacity: 1, ease: Sine.easeIn});
+
}
+
  };
+
})();
+
//////////////////////////////
+
// Start
+
//////////////////////////////
+
bkgFunction();
+
</script>
+
+
 
+
 
+
<!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
+
<!---- Left Navigator ---->
+
<!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
+
+
 
+
<ul class="leftNav" style="margin:0;padding:0;">
+
+
<li class="leftNavLi"><a class="leftNavA" href="#mainTitle1">Naked eye detection</a></li>
+
<li class="leftNavLi"><a class="leftNavA" href="#mainTitle2">PCR verification</a></li>
+
<li class="leftNavLi"><a class="leftNavA" href="#mainTitle3">Fluorescence quantification through measurement kit</a>
+
<ul class="leftNavUl2">
+
<li class="leftNavLi2"><a class="leftNavA2" href="#mainTitle3_1">Cell quantity</a></li>
+
<li class="leftNavLi2"><a class="leftNavA2" href="#mainTitle3_2">Fluorescence</a></li>
+
<li class="leftNavLi2"><a class="leftNavA2" href="#mainTitle3_3">Normalization</a></li>
+
</ul>
+
</li>
+
<li class="leftNavLi"><a class="leftNavA" href="#mainTitle4">SDS-PAGE</a></li>
+
 
+
 
+
 
+
</ul>
+
+
  
 +
        <li><span class="pageSidebar">Team: Fudan-TSI</span></li><li><div class="collapsible-header"><span class="pageSidebar">Project</span></div><div class="collapsible-body"><ul><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="/Team:Fudan-TSI/Description">Background</a></li><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="/Team:Fudan-TSI/Design">Design</a></li><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="/Team:Fudan-TSI/Experiments">Experiments</a></li><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="/Team:Fudan-TSI/Applied_Design">Applied design</a></li><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="/Team:Fudan-TSI/Judging">Judging</a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="collapsible-header active"><span class="pageSidebar">Results</span></div><div class="collapsible-body"><ul><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="/Team:Fudan-TSI/Demonstrate#ReverseTranscription">Reverse transcription</a></li><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="/Team:Fudan-TSI/Demonstrate#Recombination">Recombination</a></li><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="/Team:Fudan-TSI/Demonstrate">Demonstration</a></li><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="/Team:Fudan-TSI/Measurement">Measurement</a></li><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="/Team:Fudan-TSI/Notebook">Notebook</a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="collapsible-header"><span class="pageSidebar">Model</span></div><div class="collapsible-body"><ul><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="/Team:Fudan-TSI/Model">Modeling</a></li><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="/Team:Fudan-TSI/Software">Software</a></li><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="/Team:Fudan-TSI/Hardware">Hardware</a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="collapsible-header"><span class="pageSidebar">Parts</span></div><div class="collapsible-body"><ul><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="/Team:Fudan-TSI/Basic_Part">Basic parts</a></li><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="/Team:Fudan-TSI/Composite_Part">Composite parts</a></li><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="/Team:Fudan-TSI/Improve">Part improvement</a></li><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="/Team:Fudan-TSI/Part_Collection">Part collection</a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="collapsible-header"><span class="pageSidebar">Human practices</span></div><div class="collapsible-body"><ul><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="/Team:Fudan-TSI/Public_Engagement">Public engagement</a></li><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="/Team:Fudan-TSI/Human_Practices#IntegratedHumanPractice">Integrated HP</a></li><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="/Team:Fudan-TSI/Collaborations">Collaborations</a></li><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="/Team:Fudan-TSI/Safety">Safety</a></li></ul></div></li><li><div class="collapsible-header"><span class="pageSidebar">Team</span></div><div class="collapsible-body"><ul><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="/Team:Fudan-TSI/Team">Members</a></li><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="/Team:Fudan-TSI/Attributions">Attributions</a></li><li><a class="pageSidebar" href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Fudan/Heritage" target=_blank>Heritage</a></li></ul></div></li>
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                  <h1><br/>Measurement</h1>
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                  <p class="flow-text">We focused our measurement on characterizing the fluorescence recovery of EGFP from its nonsense mutation in 4 ways. We used multiple methods to ensure that EGFP is truly recovered from its nonsense mutation.</p>
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              <div style="text-align:center;padding-top:80px"><center><img style="height:120px;width:auto" alt="cover measurement" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/c/c6/T--Fudan-TSI--coverMeasurement.gif" /></center></div>
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  <h2>Recovered EGFP</h2>
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  <p class="flow-text">We focused our measurement on characterizing the fluorescence recovery of EGFP from its nonsense mutation in the following 4 ways.</p>
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  <p class="flow-text">1) Green fluorescence could be seen on the plate under UV light through naked eyes and recorded by a cellphone camera. Liquid culture could be placed in a culture dish and fluorescence is easily detectable under fluorescent microscopy.</p>
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  <p class="flow-text">2) We designed PCR primers to only amplify the recovered EGFP sequence but not the mutated version. The amplified band could be easily visualized after electrophoresis.</p>
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  <p class="flow-text">3) Fluorescence level was quantified through microplate reader according to fluorescein solutions and silicon beads, both standard samples are from the distributed measurement kit.</p>
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  <p class="flow-text">4) We ran PAGE gel of IPTG induced bacterial lysates. The mutated version produced a truncated protein at 17.8 kD, while the recovered EGFP is 26.9 kD.</p>
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  <p class="flow-text">We used multiple methods to ensure that EGFP is truly recovered from its nonsense mutation.</p>
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  <h4>Naked eye examination</h4>
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  <p class="flow-text">Single colony of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (BL21) transformed with plasmid containing EGFP is picked and cultured in liquid medium (2*YT). After overnight 37 degree culture, we transferred the liquid into an empty petri dish, and observed its fluorescence under a fluorescence microscope. Green fluorescence can be detected at the place of the bacteria solution while the rest of the plate as we expected <a href="#Fig1">(Figure 1)</a>.</p>
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  <h4>PCR verification</h4>
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  <p class="flow-text">We designed a set of primers which cannot amplify the nonsense mutant but is able to amplify the recovered EGFP. After PCR reaction, electrophoresis is performed and the recovered EGFP band is visibly bright while the mutant band does not appear <a href="#Fig2">(Figure 2)</a>.</p>
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We focused our measurement on characterizing the fluorescence recovery of EGFP from its nonsense mutation in the following 4 ways:
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1) Green fluorescence could be seen on the plate under UV light through naked eyes and recorded by a cellphone camera. Liquid culture could be placed in a culture dish and fluorescence is easily detectable under fluorescent microscopy.<br /><br />
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2) We designed PCR primers to only amplify the recovered EGFP sequence but not the mutated version. The amplified band could be easily visualized after electrophoresis. <br /><br />
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3) Fluorescence level was quantified through microplate reader according to fluorescein solutions and silicon beads, both standard samples are from the distributed measurement kit.<br /><br />
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4) We ran PAGE gel of IPTG induced bacterial lysates. The mutated version produced a truncated protein at 17.8 kD, while the recovered EGFP is 26.9 kD.<br /><br />
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We used multiple methods to ensure that EGFP is truly recovered from its nonsense mutation.
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Single colony of Escherichia coli (BL21) transformed with plasmid containing EGFP is picked and cultured in liquid medium (2*YT). After overnight 37 ℃ culture, we transferred the liquid into an empty petri dish, and observed its fluorescence under a fluorescence microscope. Green fluorescence can be detected at the place of the bacteria solution while the rest of the plate as we expected. (Fig. 1).
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<div class="col">PCR verification</div>
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We designed a set of primers which cannot amplify the nonsense mutant but is able to amplify the recovered EGFP. After PCR reaction, electrophoresis is performed and the recovered EGFP band is visibly bright while the mutant band does not appear (Fig. 2).
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  <h2>Fluorescence quantification through the measurement kit</h2>
<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/f/f7/T--Fudan-TSI--3mgv.gif" style="width:30%; margin:auto;">
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  <p class="flow-text">After being sure that the fluorescence it recovered, we quantified its intensity with a microplate reader and the standard samples from distributed measurement kit. We followed the calibration protocol from measurement community.</p>
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Figure 3. Crystal structure of Cre recombinase bound to a loxP holliday junction (PDB:3MGV).
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<div class="col">Fluorescence quantification through measurement kit</div>
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After being sure that the fluorescence it recovered, we quantified its intensity with a microplate reader and the standard samples from distributed measurement kit. We followed the calibration protocol from measurement community.
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Figure 6.
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For OD600 measurement, we use the silica beads in 2019 iGEM measurement kit as a standard substance.<br /><br />
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As a preparation, we have measured a particle standard curve of the silica beads from maximum concentration to 0 (pure ddH2O) and used iGEM official data processing excel to generate the particle standard curve. Then, we determined the best-fitted linear region with maximum correlation coefficient R2 (Fig. 3). Before each time we measure our samples, we will first measure the OD600 of the silica beads samples whose concentration are at both ends of the best-fitted linear region, which in our case, is from 300,000,000/100μl to 18,750,000/100μl for calibration of the particle standard curve. After measuring the bacteria liquid culture samples, we will change the OD600 to the number of particles according to the calibrated standard curve.
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<div class="col">Fluorescence</div>
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For fluorescence quantification, we use the fluorescein salt provided in 2019 iGEM measurement kit as a standard substance.<br /><br />
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As a preparation, we have measured a fluorescence standard curve of the fluorescein salt from maximum concentration to 0 (pure PBS) and used iGEM official data processing excel to generate the fluorescence standard curve. Then, we determined the best-fitted linear region with maximum correlation coefficient R2 (Fig. 4). Before each time we measure our samples, we will first measure the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescein salt samples whose concentration are at both ends of the best-fitted linear region, which in our case, is from 10μM to 0.0390625μM for calibration of the fluorescence standard curve. After measuring the bacteria liquid culture samples, we have changed the fluorescence intensity to the concentration of fluorescein salt according to the calibrated standard curve.
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Finally, we would divide the fluorescein salt concentration by the number of silica beads for our final quantified fluorescence intensity which is <b>c[fluorescein salt]/n[silica beads]</b> and has a unit of <b>μM/(pcs per 100 μl)</b>.
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<div class="col">SDS-PAGE</div>
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The EGFP nonsense mutant can only express a truncated peptide of 17.8 kD, while the full-length EGFP protein is 26.9 kD, the difference between their molecular weight could be visualized through SDS-PAGE. (Fig. 5)
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  <h4>Cell quantity</h4>
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  <p class="flow-text">For OD600 measurement, we use the silica beads in 2019 iGEM measurement kit as a standard substance.</p>
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    <p><b>Figure 3. Crystal structure of Cre recombinase bound to a loxP holliday junction (PDB:3MGV).</b></p>
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  <p class="flow-text">As a preparation, we have measured a particle standard curve of the silica beads from maximum concentration to 0 (pure ddH2O) and used iGEM official data processing excel to generate the particle standard curve. Then, we determined the best-fitted linear region with maximum correlation coefficient R2 <a href="#Fig3">(Figure 3)</a>. Before each time we measure our samples, we will first measure the OD600 of the silica beads samples whose concentration are at both ends of the best-fitted linear region, which in our case, is from 300,000,000/100μl to 18,750,000/100μl for calibration of the particle standard curve. After measuring the bacteria liquid culture samples, we will change the OD600 to the number of particles according to the calibrated standard curve.</p>
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  <p class="flow-text">As a preparation, we have measured a fluorescence standard curve of the fluorescein salt from maximum concentration to 0 (pure PBS) and used iGEM official data processing excel to generate the fluorescence standard curve. Then, we determined the best-fitted linear region with maximum correlation coefficient R2 <a href="#Fig4">(Figure 4)</a>. Before each time we measure our samples, we will first measure the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescein salt samples whose concentration are at both ends of the best-fitted linear region, which in our case, is from 10 μM to 0.039 μM for calibration of the fluorescence standard curve. After measuring the bacteria liquid culture samples, we have changed the fluorescence intensity to the concentration of fluorescein salt according to the calibrated standard curve.</p>
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  <p class="flow-text">Finally, we would divide the fluorescein salt concentration by the number of silica beads for our final quantified fluorescence intensity which is <b>c[fluorescein salt]/n[silica beads]</b> and has a unit of <b>μM/(pcs per 100 μl)</b>.</p>
  
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  <p class="flow-text">As a preparation, we have measured a fluorescence standard curve of the fluorescein salt from maximum concentration to 0 (pure PBS) and used iGEM official data processing excel to generate the fluorescence standard curve. Then, we determined the best-fitted linear region with maximum correlation coefficient R2 <a href="#Fig4">(Figure 4)</a>. Before each time we measure our samples, we will first measure the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescein salt samples whose concentration are at both ends of the best-fitted linear region, which in our case, is from 10 μM to 0.039 μM for calibration of the fluorescence standard curve. After measuring the bacteria liquid culture samples, we have changed the fluorescence intensity to the concentration of fluorescein salt according to the calibrated standard curve.</p>
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  <h2>SDS-PAGE</h2>
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  <p class="flow-text">The EGFP nonsense mutant can only express a truncated peptide of 17.8 kD, while the full-length EGFP protein is 26.9 kD, the difference between their molecular weight could be visualized through SDS-PAGE <a href="#Fig5">(Figure 5)</a>.</p>
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              <p class="flow-text" style="margin:0">Mutation library generation is critical for biological and medical research, but current methods cannot mutate a specific sequence continuously without manual intervention. We hereby present a toolbox for <i>in vivo</i> continuous mutation library construction. First, the target DNA is transcribed into RNA. Next, our reverse transcriptase (RT) reverts RNA into cDNA, during which the target is randomly mutated by our RT's enhanced error-prone ability. Finally, the mutated version replaces the original sequence through recombination. These steps will be carried out iteratively, generating a random mutation library of the target with high efficiency as mutations accumulate along with bacterial growth. Our toolbox is orthogonal and provides a wide range of applications among various species. R-Evolution could mutate coding sequences and regulatory sequences, which enables the evolution of individual proteins or multiple targets at a time, promotes high-throughput research, and serves as a foundational advance to synthetic biology.
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Revision as of 16:06, 21 October 2019

2019 Team:Fudan-TSI Measurement


Measurement

We focused our measurement on characterizing the fluorescence recovery of EGFP from its nonsense mutation in 4 ways. We used multiple methods to ensure that EGFP is truly recovered from its nonsense mutation.

cover measurement

Recovered EGFP

We focused our measurement on characterizing the fluorescence recovery of EGFP from its nonsense mutation in the following 4 ways.

1) Green fluorescence could be seen on the plate under UV light through naked eyes and recorded by a cellphone camera. Liquid culture could be placed in a culture dish and fluorescence is easily detectable under fluorescent microscopy.

2) We designed PCR primers to only amplify the recovered EGFP sequence but not the mutated version. The amplified band could be easily visualized after electrophoresis.

3) Fluorescence level was quantified through microplate reader according to fluorescein solutions and silicon beads, both standard samples are from the distributed measurement kit.

4) We ran PAGE gel of IPTG induced bacterial lysates. The mutated version produced a truncated protein at 17.8 kD, while the recovered EGFP is 26.9 kD.

We used multiple methods to ensure that EGFP is truly recovered from its nonsense mutation.

Naked eye examination

Single colony of Escherichia coli (BL21) transformed with plasmid containing EGFP is picked and cultured in liquid medium (2*YT). After overnight 37 degree culture, we transferred the liquid into an empty petri dish, and observed its fluorescence under a fluorescence microscope. Green fluorescence can be detected at the place of the bacteria solution while the rest of the plate as we expected (Figure 1).

PCR verification

We designed a set of primers which cannot amplify the nonsense mutant but is able to amplify the recovered EGFP. After PCR reaction, electrophoresis is performed and the recovered EGFP band is visibly bright while the mutant band does not appear (Figure 2).

Fluorescence quantification through the measurement kit

After being sure that the fluorescence it recovered, we quantified its intensity with a microplate reader and the standard samples from distributed measurement kit. We followed the calibration protocol from measurement community.

Cell quantity

For OD600 measurement, we use the silica beads in 2019 iGEM measurement kit as a standard substance.

Figure 3. Crystal structure of Cre recombinase bound to a loxP holliday junction (PDB:3MGV).

As a preparation, we have measured a particle standard curve of the silica beads from maximum concentration to 0 (pure ddH2O) and used iGEM official data processing excel to generate the particle standard curve. Then, we determined the best-fitted linear region with maximum correlation coefficient R2 (Figure 3). Before each time we measure our samples, we will first measure the OD600 of the silica beads samples whose concentration are at both ends of the best-fitted linear region, which in our case, is from 300,000,000/100μl to 18,750,000/100μl for calibration of the particle standard curve. After measuring the bacteria liquid culture samples, we will change the OD600 to the number of particles according to the calibrated standard curve.

Fluorescence

For fluorescence quantification, we use the fluorescein salt provided in 2019 iGEM measurement kit as a standard substance.

Figure 4. Crystal structure of Cre recombinase bound to a loxP holliday junction (PDB:3MGV).

As a preparation, we have measured a fluorescence standard curve of the fluorescein salt from maximum concentration to 0 (pure PBS) and used iGEM official data processing excel to generate the fluorescence standard curve. Then, we determined the best-fitted linear region with maximum correlation coefficient R2 (Figure 4). Before each time we measure our samples, we will first measure the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescein salt samples whose concentration are at both ends of the best-fitted linear region, which in our case, is from 10 μM to 0.039 μM for calibration of the fluorescence standard curve. After measuring the bacteria liquid culture samples, we have changed the fluorescence intensity to the concentration of fluorescein salt according to the calibrated standard curve.

Normalization

Finally, we would divide the fluorescein salt concentration by the number of silica beads for our final quantified fluorescence intensity which is c[fluorescein salt]/n[silica beads] and has a unit of μM/(pcs per 100 μl).

As a preparation, we have measured a fluorescence standard curve of the fluorescein salt from maximum concentration to 0 (pure PBS) and used iGEM official data processing excel to generate the fluorescence standard curve. Then, we determined the best-fitted linear region with maximum correlation coefficient R2 (Figure 4). Before each time we measure our samples, we will first measure the fluorescence intensity of the fluorescein salt samples whose concentration are at both ends of the best-fitted linear region, which in our case, is from 10 μM to 0.039 μM for calibration of the fluorescence standard curve. After measuring the bacteria liquid culture samples, we have changed the fluorescence intensity to the concentration of fluorescein salt according to the calibrated standard curve.

SDS-PAGE

The EGFP nonsense mutant can only express a truncated peptide of 17.8 kD, while the full-length EGFP protein is 26.9 kD, the difference between their molecular weight could be visualized through SDS-PAGE (Figure 5).

project summary
Project by Team:Fudan-TSI

Mutation library generation is critical for biological and medical research, but current methods cannot mutate a specific sequence continuously without manual intervention. We hereby present a toolbox for in vivo continuous mutation library construction. First, the target DNA is transcribed into RNA. Next, our reverse transcriptase (RT) reverts RNA into cDNA, during which the target is randomly mutated by our RT's enhanced error-prone ability. Finally, the mutated version replaces the original sequence through recombination. These steps will be carried out iteratively, generating a random mutation library of the target with high efficiency as mutations accumulate along with bacterial growth. Our toolbox is orthogonal and provides a wide range of applications among various species. R-Evolution could mutate coding sequences and regulatory sequences, which enables the evolution of individual proteins or multiple targets at a time, promotes high-throughput research, and serves as a foundational advance to synthetic biology.