Latest revision as of 22:48, 21 October 2019

iGEM UWaterloo 2019 - Model

Mathematics and Modeling

Environmental Model

An important goal of our project is to determine whether the Linuron concentration in the vicinity of the root nodule is significant enough to damage the Rhizosphere and inhibit nodule growth as plants continue to develop.

In order to model this, we introduce a diffusion-reaction-advection model, which is standard in environmental engineering. A byproduct of this model is that we are able to develop heuristics for the magnitude of Linuron and 3,4-DCA runoff. The model is derived from a similar model by Owsianiak et al [1] for Linuron degradation in bioaugmentation beads. Since this paper also modelled Variovorax sp. [4], we were able to obtain many of our parameters from this work of Owsiniak et al.

Introducing the Model

For completeness, we introduce this model from the ground up. First, we model diffusion through the soil with Fick's Laws of diffusion.

$$ C = [\textrm{Linuron}] $$

$$ D = \textrm{diag}(D_x,D_y,D_z) $$

$$ \nabla\cdot(D\nabla C) = \frac{\partial C}{\partial t} $$

The matrix D is called the diffusion matrix, which determines the speed of diffusion in different directions. Next, we add an advection term to model the transport of Linuron by water.

$$ \nabla \cdot (D\nabla C) - \vec{v}_e \cdot \nabla C = \frac{\partial C}{\partial t}$$

This advection term relies on the hydraulic head, which in our case is a measure of water pressure in the soil. However, water tends to flow around the root nodules, so Linuron transport is diffusion-dominated inside the nodule. Therefore we must use the Navier-Stokes equation in order to find the advection velocity. In order to model degradation, we couple this with our kinetic model to derive this coupled system of PDEs:

$$ \nabla \cdot (D\nabla C) - \vec{v}_e \cdot \nabla C = \frac{\partial C}{\partial t} + \chi_n \frac{V_{max}C}{K_m-C} $$

$$ \varrho \left( \frac{\partial v_e}{\partial t} - v_e \cdot \nabla v_e \right) = \nabla \cdot \sigma(v_e,p)+f $$ $$ \nabla \cdot v_e = 0 $$

Assumptions

In the above model, we assumed an averaged rate of water intake - by necessity due to the complexity of the more realistic rain models. This assumption should produce a reasonable approximation since our timescale is on the order of weeks to months, whereas the rate of rainfall is on the order of days.

We also needed to verify that the rate of water transport into the nodule tissue is not limited by physiological factors such as membrane transport. In order to do this, we used the Octanol-Water partition coefficient in order to predict the rate of membrane transport using Overton's Rule [2]:

$$ P=\frac{K_{ow}D}{\ell} $$

By computing the rate of membrane transport, we concluded that the transport of Linuron into plant cells is not membrane-transport limited. In addition, we assume that the background degradation of Linuron by the same pathway is negligible compared to degradation by Variovorax sp. as found by Owsiniak et al..

Numerical Methods

In order to solve this model we first convert the system into its variational form. The Navier-Stokes terms are solved by a midpoint discretization method called Chorin's Method, while the remainder is solved using the backwards Euler method. The following equations are obtained by integrating the above PDEs and applying integration by parts:

$$\int_\Omega \frac{\partial C}{\partial t} w d\tau = \int_\Omega \left[\nabla \cdot (D \nabla C)w - w v_e\cdot \nabla C - \frac{V_{max}C}{K_m-C}\right] d \tau =$$

$$\int_\Omega \left[(-\nabla C)^T D^T \nabla w -wv_e\cdot \nabla C - \frac{V_{max}C}{K_m-C}\right] d \tau + \int_{\partial \Omega} w( \nabla C)\cdot d \vec{s}$$

We now solve this system in Python using a library known as FeNiCS [3], which is an free, open-source library for solving PDEs with Finite Element Methods. Teams interested in using PDE solvers for their iGEM modelling should consider using FeNiCS as a great alternative to expensive proprietary software. Using ParaView, we export animations of our data from FeNiCS. We also used the Python library meshio to convert meshes generated by Gmsh into a format compatible with FeNiCS. As a note to future iGEM teams considering PDE transport models, your discretization must meet the Courant-Freidrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition in order to be stable.

Results

We now analyze a system of two root nodules, spaced 1 centimeter apart. In the soil we start with an initial supply of Linuron at 1e-10mol/cm^3 isolated just above the top nodule. The nodules are each 1 centimeter in radius and are assumed to be saturated with B. japonicum. Using the Puh-B Parameters specified in the next section, we arrive at the following result for the lower nodule

The following are videos of each of the concentrations over time:

Conclusions

What we can draw from these results is that at the optimized NAT1 concentration the system is very stable, and that the 3,4-DCA concentration falls well below toxicity (see the MIC page). This tells us that implementing the system would not result in a significant pile-up of 3,4-DCA in the soil, which is important information for any future projects since it would aid the optimization of the system.

LibA-NAT1 Pathway

We were initially considering three enzymes for Linuron degradation into 3,4-DCA: LibA, PuhA, PuhB, and 2 enzymes for 3,4-DCA degradation: NAT1, NAT2. From preliminary kinetic models, we determined that the use of NAT2 would result in an accumulation of 3,4-DCA that would almost certainly be toxic, and that a PuhA-NAT1 system would not degrade Linuron into 3,4-DCAA at a rate fast enough to mitigate the toxicity of Linuron. The dynamics of the PuhB-NAT1 and LibA-NAT1 systems under fs our preliminary models were identical, and the LibA-NAT1 system was chosen. LibA facilitates the degradation of Liunuron into 3,4-DCA through the following reaction:

It is known that purified LibA is a monomeric linuron hydrolase of ∼55 kDa with a K_m and a V_max for linuron of 5.8 μM and 0.16 nmol per minute for Variovorax sp. with an unknown enzyme concentration [4].

The second step in the reaction involving NAT1 is characterized in Rodrigues-Lima [5]. The rate for 3,4-dichloroaniline degradation with NAT1 is determined to be 68 &plusmn 8 nmol. per min. per mg. of enzyme.

We assume that the LibA concentration and the NAT1 concentration are equal since they are placed under the same promoter in our system. This choice was done strictly due to time constraints, and our models did suggest that placing LibA and NAT1 under different promoters would result in a more effective system. In order to mitigate the problems of using just a K_m value for LibA (since none of the Michaelis-Menton parameters have been found), which would be a blatant disregard for enzyme concentration, we decided to use the K_cat from PuhB since its structure and function are very similar to NAT1.

Computations

We use Julia and the DiffEqBiological.jl package in order to determine the dynamics of our reaction network. Under standard assumptions in biochemical modelling, we reduce our model to the following set of equations for our system with no influx of Linuron:

$$\frac{d[\text{Linuron}]}{dt} = - \frac{V_\max^{\text{Lin}} \cdot [\text{Linuron}]}{K_m^{\text{Lin}} + [\text{Linuron}]} [\text{Linuron}],$$ $$\frac{d[\text{3,4-DCA}]}{dt} = - \frac{V_\max^{\text{DCA}} \cdot [\text{3,4-DCA}]}{K_m^{\text{DCA}} + [\text{3,4-DCA}]} [\text{3,4-DCA}] - k_{\text{DCA}}[\text{3,4-DCA}],$$ $$\frac{d[\text{DCAA}]}{dt} = k_{\text{DCAA}}[\text{DCAA}],$$

where DCAA is dichloroacetanilide, which is what NAT1 degrades 3,4-DCA into. In the case of with influx, the only difference is an influx term in the first equation. With 300 pmol of LibA and NAT1, as well as 600 nmol of Linuron, we see that

where X is the Linuron concentration, Y is the 3,4-DCA concentration, and Z is the 3,4-DCAA concentration.

Under a high influx of Linuron, we see that

which implies that LibA can mitigate the detrimental effects of high concentrations of Linuron in the soil, but there is a predicted very large accumulation of 3,4-DCA which is known to be detrimental to the cell. However, if we place LibA and NAT1 under different promoters, we see that the behaviour changes drastically if the NAT1 concentration is assumed to be 3 orders of magnitude higher than the concentration of LibA without influx:

and with influx:

Conclusions

Under reasonable amounts of uncertainty in our model, the dynamics of our system were not drastically different. From our model, we determined that in order to engineer a system for the real world, we would need to place LibA and NAT1 under different promoters, ideally with NAT1 under a relatively strong promoter when compared to LibA. In addition, we can conclude that the LibA-NAT1 system could be engineered to degrade Linuron into 3,4-dichloroacetanilide under a wide range of thresholds for toxic concentrations of Linuron and 3,4-DCA. Under the above assumptions of our system, we have demonstrated that a LibA-NAT1 system can efficiently and effectively reduce Linuron concentration in the soil while preserving the rhizosphere. Although we know the ratio of NAT1 and LibA that is required to maintain a strong culture of rhizobia, we were unable to engineer it due to the complexity of the construction.

References

[1] Owsianiak, M., Dechesne, A., Binning, P. J., Chambon, J. C., Sørensen, S. R., & Smets, B. F. (2010). Evaluation of Bioaugmentation with Entrapped Degrading Cells as a Soil Remediation Technology. Environmental Science & Technology, 44(19), 7622–7627. doi: 10.1021/es101160u
[2] Grime, J. M. A., Edwards, M. A., Rudd, N. C., & Unwin, P. R. (2008). Quantitative visualization of passive transport across bilayer lipid membranes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(38), 14277–14282. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0803720105
[3] Zakharov, P. E. (2018). The FEniCS project. Spark. doi: 10.1515/spark.18.13
[4] Bers, K., Leroy, B., Breugelmans, P., Albers, P., Lavigne, R., Sørensen, S. R., ... Springael, D. (2011). A Novel Hydrolase Identified by Genomic-Proteomic Analysis of Phenylurea Herbicide Mineralization by Variovorax sp. Strain SRS16. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(24), 8754–8764. doi: 10.1128/aem.06162-11
[5] Rodrigues-Lima, Fernando & Dairou, Julien & Diaz, Clara & Rubio, Maria & Sim, Edith & Spaink, Herman & Dupret, Jean-Marie. (2006). Cloning, functional expression and characterization of Mesorhizobium loti arylamine N-acetyltransferases: Rhizobial symbiosis supplies leguminous plants with the xenobiotic N-acetylation pathway. Molecular microbiology. 60. 505-12. 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05114.x.

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+        body {
+          -webkit-text-size-adjust: none; }
+        mark {
+          background-color: transparent;
+          color: inherit; }
+        input::-moz-focus-inner {
+          border: 0;
+          padding: 0; }
+        input, select, textarea {
+          -moz-appearance: none;
+          -webkit-appearance: none;
+          -ms-appearance: none;
+          appearance: none; }
+        /* Typography */
+        html {
+          font-size: 13pt; }
+          @media screen and (max-width: 1680px) {
+            html {
+              font-size: 11pt; } }
+          @media screen and (max-width: 980px) {
+            html {
+              font-size: 12pt; } }
+          @media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
+            html {
+              font-size: 11pt; } }
+        body {
+          color: #444444; }
+        body, input, select, textarea {
+          font-family: "Raleway", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
+          font-weight: 400;
+          font-size: 1rem;
+          line-height: 1.65; }
+        a {
+          -moz-transition: color 0.2s ease-in-out;
+          -webkit-transition: color 0.2s ease-in-out;
+          -ms-transition: color 0.2s ease-in-out;
+          transition: color 0.2s ease-in-out;
+          text-decoration: underline; }
+          a:hover {
+            text-decoration: none; }
+        strong, b {
+          font-weight: 600; }
+        em, i {
+          font-style: italic; }
+        p {
+          margin: 0 0 2rem 0; }
+        header.special {
+          text-align: center;
+          margin-bottom: 4rem; }
+          header.special p {
+            max-width: 75%;
+            margin-left: auto;
+            margin-right: auto; }
+        h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
+          font-weight: 300;
+          line-height: 1.5;
+          text-transform: uppercase;
+          margin: 0 0 1.5rem 0; }
+          h1 a, h2 a, h3 a, h4 a, h5 a, h6 a {
+            color: inherit;
+            text-decoration: none; }
+        h1 {
+          font-size: 3rem;
+          line-height: 1.2; }
+        h2 {
+          font-size: 2.25rem;
+          line-height: 1.3; }
+        h3 {
+          font-size: 1.25rem; }
+        h4 {
+          font-size: 1rem; }
+        h5 {
+          font-size: 0.9rem; }
+        h6 {
+          font-size: 0.7rem; }
+        @media screen and (max-width: 736px) {
+          h1 {
+            font-size: 2.75rem;
+            line-height: 1.3; }
+          h2 {
+            font-size: 1.75rem;
+            line-height: 1.5; }
+          h3 {
+            font-size: 1.25rem; } }
+        sub {
+          font-size: 0.8rem;
+          position: relative;
+          top: 0.5rem; }
+        sup {
+          font-size: 0.8rem;
+          position: relative;
+          top: -0.5rem; }
+        blockquote {
+          border-left: solid 0.5rem;
+          font-style: italic;
+          margin: 0 0 2rem 0;
+          padding: 1rem 0 1rem 2rem; }
+        code {
+          border-radius: 4px;
+          border: solid 1px;
+          font-family: "Courier New", monospace;
+          font-size: 0.9rem;
+          margin: 0 0.25rem;
+          padding: 0.25rem 0.65rem; }
+        pre {
+          -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
+          font-family: "Courier New", monospace;
+          font-size: 0.9rem;
+          margin: 0 0 2rem 0; }
+          pre code {
+            display: block;
+            line-height: 1.75;
+            padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
+            overflow-x: auto; }
+        hr {
+          border: 0;
+          border-bottom: solid 1px;
+          margin: 2rem 0; }
+          hr.major {
+            margin: 4rem 0; }
+        input, select, textarea {
+          color: #555555; }
+        a {
+          color: #B3DC77; }
+        strong, b {
+          color: #555555; }
+        h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
+          color: #555555; }
+        blockquote {
+          border-left-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25); }
+        code {
+          background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);
+          border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25); }
+        hr {
+          border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25); }
+        /* Inner */
+        .inner {
+          margin: 0 auto;
+          width: 75rem;
+          max-width: calc(100% - 6rem); }
+          @media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
+            .inner {
+              max-width: calc(100% - 3rem); } }
+        /* Button */
+        input[type="submit"],
+        input[type="reset"],
+        input[type="button"],
+        button,
+        .button {
+          -moz-appearance: none;
+          -webkit-appearance: none;
+          -ms-appearance: none;
+          appearance: none;
+          -moz-transition: background-color 0.2s ease-in-out, box-shadow 0.2s ease-in-out, color 0.2s ease-in-out;
+          -webkit-transition: background-color 0.2s ease-in-out, box-shadow 0.2s ease-in-out, color 0.2s ease-in-out;
+          -ms-transition: background-color 0.2s ease-in-out, box-shadow 0.2s ease-in-out, color 0.2s ease-in-out;
+          transition: background-color 0.2s ease-in-out, box-shadow 0.2s ease-in-out, color 0.2s ease-in-out;
+          border: 0;
+          border-radius: 4px;
+          cursor: pointer;
+          display: inline-block;
+          font-weight: 600;
+          height: 3.25rem;
+          line-height: 3.25rem;
+          padding: 0 1.75rem;
+          text-align: center;
+          text-decoration: none;
+          white-space: nowrap; }
+          input[type="submit"].small,
+          input[type="reset"].small,
+          input[type="button"].small,
+          button.small,
+          .button.small {
+            font-size: 0.8rem;
+            height: 2.4375rem;
+            line-height: 2.4375rem;
+            padding: 0 1.25rem; }
+          input[type="submit"].large,
+          input[type="reset"].large,
+          input[type="button"].large,
+          button.large,
+          .button.large {
+            font-size: 1.35rem;
+            height: 4.0625rem;
+            line-height: 4.0625rem;
+            padding: 0 2rem; }
+          input[type="submit"].wide,
+          input[type="reset"].wide,
+          input[type="button"].wide,
+          button.wide,
+          .button.wide {
+            min-width: 13rem; }
+          input[type="submit"].icon:before,
+          input[type="reset"].icon:before,
+          input[type="button"].icon:before,
+          button.icon:before,
+          .button.icon:before {
+            margin-right: 0.5rem; }
+          input[type="submit"].fit,
+          input[type="reset"].fit,
+          input[type="button"].fit,
+          button.fit,
+          .button.fit {
+            width: 100%; }
+          input[type="submit"].disabled, input[type="submit"]:disabled,
+          input[type="reset"].disabled,
+          input[type="reset"]:disabled,
+          input[type="button"].disabled,
+          input[type="button"]:disabled,
+          button.disabled,
+          button:disabled,
+          .button.disabled,
+          .button:disabled {
+            pointer-events: none;
+            opacity: 0.25; }
+        input[type="submit"],
+        input[type="reset"],
+        input[type="button"],
+        button,
+        .button {
+          background-color: transparent;
+          box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px #555555;
+          color: #555555 !important; }
+          input[type="submit"]:hover,
+          input[type="reset"]:hover,
+          input[type="button"]:hover,
+          button:hover,
+          .button:hover {
+            box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px #B3DC77;
+            color: #B3DC77 !important; }
+            input[type="submit"]:hover:active,
+            input[type="reset"]:hover:active,
+            input[type="button"]:hover:active,
+            button:hover:active,
+            .button:hover:active {
+              background-color: rgba(206, 27, 40, 0.25); }
+          input[type="submit"].primary,
+          input[type="reset"].primary,
+          input[type="button"].primary,
+          button.primary,
+          .button.primary {
+            box-shadow: none;
+            background-color: #B3DC77;
+            color: #ffffff !important; }
+            input[type="submit"].primary:hover,
+            input[type="reset"].primary:hover,
+            input[type="button"].primary:hover,
+            button.primary:hover,
+            .button.primary:hover {
+              background-color: #B3DC77;
+              box-shadow: none; }
+              input[type="submit"].primary:hover:active,
+              input[type="reset"].primary:hover:active,
+              input[type="button"].primary:hover:active,
+              button.primary:hover:active,
+              .button.primary:hover:active {
+                background-color: #B3DC77; }
+        /* Form */
+        form {
+          margin: 0 0 2rem 0; }
+        input[type="text"],
+        input[type="password"],
+        input[type="email"],
+        input[type="tel"],
+        input[type="search"],
+        input[type="url"],
+        select,
+        textarea {
+          -moz-appearance: none;
+          -webkit-appearance: none;
+          -ms-appearance: none;
+          appearance: none;
+          border-radius: 4px;
+          border: none;
+          border: solid 1px;
+          color: inherit;
+          display: block;
+          outline: 0;
+          padding: 0 1rem;
+          text-decoration: none;
+          width: 100%; }
+          input[type="text"]:invalid,
+          input[type="password"]:invalid,
+          input[type="email"]:invalid,
+          input[type="tel"]:invalid,
+          input[type="search"]:invalid,
+          input[type="url"]:invalid,
+          select:invalid,
+          textarea:invalid {
+            box-shadow: none; }
+        label {
+          display: block;
+          font-size: 1rem;
+          font-weight: 600;
+          margin: 0 0 1rem 0; }
+        input[type="text"],
+        input[type="password"],
+        input[type="email"],
+        input[type="tel"],
+        input[type="search"],
+        input[type="url"] {
+          height: 3.25rem; }
+        select {
+          background-size: 1.25rem;
+          background-repeat: no-repeat;
+          background-position: calc(100% - 1rem) center;
+          height: 3.25rem;
+          padding-right: 3.25rem;
+          text-overflow: ellipsis; }
+          select:focus::-ms-value {
+            background-color: transparent; }
+          select::-ms-expand {
+            display: none; }
+        textarea {
+          padding: 0.75rem 1rem; }
+        input[type="checkbox"],
+        input[type="radio"] {
+          -moz-appearance: none;
+          -webkit-appearance: none;
+          -ms-appearance: none;
+          appearance: none;
+          display: block;
+          float: left;
+          margin-right: -2rem;
+          opacity: 0;
+          width: 1rem;
+          z-index: -1; }
+          input[type="checkbox"] + label,
+          input[type="radio"] + label {
+            text-decoration: none;
+            cursor: pointer;
+            display: inline-block;
+            font-size: 1rem;
+            font-weight: 400;
+            padding-left: 2.825rem;
+            padding-right: 0.875rem;
+            position: relative; }
+            input[type="checkbox"] + label:before,
+            input[type="radio"] + label:before {
+              -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
+              -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
+              font-family: FontAwesome;
+              font-style: normal;
+              font-weight: normal;
+              text-transform: none !important; }
+            input[type="checkbox"] + label:before,
+            input[type="radio"] + label:before {
+              border-radius: 4px;
+              border: solid 1px;
+              content: '';
+              display: inline-block;
+              height: 1.95rem;
+              left: 0;
+              line-height: 1.86875rem;
+              position: absolute;
+              text-align: center;
+              top: -0.1625rem;
+              width: 1.95rem; }
+          input[type="checkbox"]:checked + label:before,
+          input[type="radio"]:checked + label:before {
+            content: '\f00c'; }
+        input[type="checkbox"] + label:before {
+          border-radius: 4px; }
+        input[type="radio"] + label:before {
+          border-radius: 100%; }
+        ::-webkit-input-placeholder {
+          opacity: 1.0; }
+        :-moz-placeholder {
+          opacity: 1.0; }
+        ::-moz-placeholder {
+          opacity: 1.0; }
+        :-ms-input-placeholder {
+          opacity: 1.0; }
+        label {
+          color: #555555; }
+        input[type="text"],
+        input[type="password"],
+        input[type="email"],
+        input[type="tel"],
+        input[type="search"],
+        input[type="url"],
+        select,
+        textarea {
+          background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);
+          border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25); }
+          input[type="text"]:focus,
+          input[type="password"]:focus,
+          input[type="email"]:focus,
+          input[type="tel"]:focus,
+          input[type="search"]:focus,
+          input[type="url"]:focus,
+          select:focus,
+          textarea:focus {
+            border-color: #B3DC77;
+            box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #B3DC77; }
+        select {
+          background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='40' height='40' preserveAspectRatio='none' viewBox='0 0 40 40'%3E%3Cpath d='M9.4,12.3l10.4,10.4l10.4-10.4c0.2-0.2,0.5-0.4,0.9-0.4c0.3,0,0.6,0.1,0.9,0.4l3.3,3.3c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.5,0.4,0.9 c0,0.4-0.1,0.6-0.4,0.9L20.7,31.9c-0.2,0.2-0.5,0.4-0.9,0.4c-0.3,0-0.6-0.1-0.9-0.4L4.3,17.3c-0.2-0.2-0.4-0.5-0.4-0.9 c0-0.4,0.1-0.6,0.4-0.9l3.3-3.3c0.2-0.2,0.5-0.4,0.9-0.4S9.1,12.1,9.4,12.3z' fill='rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25)' /%3E%3C/svg%3E"); }
+          select option {
+            color: #444444;
+            background-color: #ffffff; }
+        input[type="checkbox"] + label,
+        input[type="radio"] + label {
+          color: #444444; }
+          input[type="checkbox"] + label:before,
+          input[type="radio"] + label:before {
+            background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075);
+            border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25); }
+        input[type="checkbox"]:checked + label:before,
+        input[type="radio"]:checked + label:before {
+          background-color: #B3DC77;
+          border-color: #B3DC77;
+          color: #ffffff; }
+        input[type="checkbox"]:focus + label:before,
+        input[type="radio"]:focus + label:before {
+          border-color: #B3DC77;
+          box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #B3DC77; }
+        ::-webkit-input-placeholder {
+          color: #bbbbbb !important; }
+        :-moz-placeholder {
+          color: #bbbbbb !important; }
+        ::-moz-placeholder {
+          color: #bbbbbb !important; }
+        :-ms-input-placeholder {
+          color: #bbbbbb !important; }
+        /* List */
+        ol {
+          list-style: decimal;
+          margin: 0 0 2rem 0;
+          padding-left: 1.25rem; }
+          ol li {
+            padding-left: 0.25rem; }
+        ul {
+          list-style: disc;
+          margin: 0 0 2rem 0;
+          padding-left: 1rem; }
+          ul li {
+            padding-left: 0.325rem; }
+          ul.plain {
+            list-style: none;
+            padding-left: 0; }
+            ul.plain li {
+              margin-bottom: 1rem; }
+              ul.plain li .icon {
+                border-radius: 4px;
+                color: #ffffff;
+                display: inline-block;
+                margin-right: 1rem;
+                text-align: center;
+                width: 2rem;
+                height: 2rem;
+                line-height: 2rem;
+                background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); }
+          ul.alt {
+            list-style: none;
+            padding-left: 0; }
+            ul.alt li {
+              border-top: solid 1px;
+          }
+              ul.alt li:first-child {
+                border-top: 0;
+                padding-top: 0; }
+              ul.alt li:last-child {
+                padding-bottom: 0; }
+        dl {
+          margin: 0 0 2rem 0; }
+          dl dt {
+            display: block;
+            font-weight: 600;
+            margin: 0 0 1rem 0; }
+          dl dd {
+            margin-left: 1.5rem; }
+        ul.alt li {
+          border-top-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25); }
+        /* Table */
+        .table-wrapper {
+          -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
+          overflow-x: auto; }
+        table {
+          margin: 0 0 2rem 0;
+          width: 100%; }
+          table tbody tr {
+            border: solid 1px;
+            border-left: 0;
+            border-right: 0; }
+          table td {
+            padding: 0.75rem 0.75rem; }
+          table th {
+            font-size: 0.9rem;
+            font-weight: 600;
+            padding: 0 0.75rem 0.75rem 0.75rem;
+            text-align: left; }
+          table thead {
+            border-bottom: solid 2px; }
+          table tfoot {
+            border-top: solid 2px; }
+          table.alt {
+            border-collapse: separate; }
+            table.alt tbody tr td {
+              border: solid 1px;
+              border-left-width: 0;
+              border-top-width: 0; }
+              table.alt tbody tr td:first-child {
+                border-left-width: 1px; }
+            table.alt tbody tr:first-child td {
+              border-top-width: 1px; }
+            table.alt thead {
+              border-bottom: 0; }
+            table.alt tfoot {
+              border-top: 0; }
+        table tbody tr {
+          border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25); }
+          table tbody tr:nth-child(2n + 1) {
+            background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.075); }
+        table th {
+          color: #555555; }
+        table thead {
+          border-bottom-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25); }
+        table tfoot {
+          border-top-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25); }
+        table.alt tbody tr td {
+          border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25); }
+        /* Highlights */
+        .highlights {
+          width: 100%;
+          margin: 2.5rem 0;
+          display: -moz-flex;
+          display: -webkit-flex;
+          display: -ms-flex;
+          display: flex;
+          -moz-flex-wrap: wrap;
+          -webkit-flex-wrap: wrap;
+          -ms-flex-wrap: wrap;
+          flex-wrap: wrap;
+          -moz-align-items: -moz-stretch;
+          -webkit-align-items: -webkit-stretch;
+          -ms-align-items: -ms-stretch;
+          align-items: stretch; }
+          .highlights > * {
+            -moz-flex-shrink: 1;
+            -webkit-flex-shrink: 1;
+            -ms-flex-shrink: 1;
+            flex-shrink: 1;
+            -moz-flex-grow: 0;
+            -webkit-flex-grow: 0;
+            -ms-flex-grow: 0;
+            flex-grow: 0; }
+          .highlights > * {
+            width: 33.3333333333%; }
+          .highlights > * {
+            padding: 1.5rem;
+            width: calc(33.3333333333% + 1rem); }
+          .highlights > :nth-child(-n + 3) {
+            padding-top: 0; }
+          .highlights > :nth-last-child(-n + 3) {
+            padding-bottom: 0; }
+          .highlights > :nth-child(3n + 1) {
+            padding-left: 0; }
+          .highlights > :nth-child(3n) {
+            padding-right: 0; }
+          .highlights > :nth-child(3n + 1),
+          .highlights > :nth-child(3n) {
+            width: calc(33.3333333333% + -0.5rem); }
+          .highlights .content {
+            border-radius: 4px !important;
+            height: 100% !important;
+            padding: 3rem !important;
+            text-align: center; }
+            .highlights .content .icon {
+              font-size: 5rem; }
+          .highlights > div > :last-child {
+            margin-bottom: 0; }
+          @media screen and (max-width: 980px) {
+            .highlights > * {
+              width: 50%; }
+            .highlights > * {
+              padding: 1rem;
+              width: calc(33.3333333333% + 0.6666666667rem); }
+            .highlights > :nth-child(-n + 3) {
+              padding-top: 1rem; }
+            .highlights > :nth-last-child(-n + 3) {
+              padding-bottom: 1rem; }
+            .highlights > :nth-child(3n + 1) {
+              padding-left: 1rem; }
+            .highlights > :nth-child(3n) {
+              padding-right: 1rem; }
+            .highlights > :nth-child(3n + 1),
+            .highlights > :nth-child(3n) {
+              padding: 1rem;
+              width: calc(50% + 1rem); }
+            .highlights > * {
+              padding: 1rem;
+              width: calc(50% + 1rem); }
+            .highlights > :nth-child(-n + 2) {
+              padding-top: 0; }
+            .highlights > :nth-last-child(-n + 2) {
+              padding-bottom: 0; }
+            .highlights > :nth-child(2n + 1) {
+              padding-left: 0; }
+            .highlights > :nth-child(2n) {
+              padding-right: 0; }
+            .highlights > :nth-child(2n + 1),
+            .highlights > :nth-child(2n) {
+              width: calc(50% + 0rem); }
+            .highlights .content {
+              padding: 2rem; } }
+          @media screen and (max-width: 736px) {
+            .highlights > * {
+              width: 100%; }
+            .highlights > * {
+              padding: 1rem;
+              width: calc(33.3333333333% + 0.6666666667rem); }
+            .highlights > :nth-child(-n + 3) {
+              padding-top: 1rem; }
+            .highlights > :nth-last-child(-n + 3) {
+              padding-bottom: 1rem; }
+            .highlights > :nth-child(3n + 1) {
+              padding-left: 1rem; }
+            .highlights > :nth-child(3n) {
+              padding-right: 1rem; }
+            .highlights > :nth-child(3n + 1),
+            .highlights > :nth-child(3n) {
+              padding: 1rem;
+              width: calc(100% + 2rem); }
+            .highlights > * {
+              padding: 1rem;
+              width: calc(50% + 1rem); }
+            .highlights > :nth-child(-n + 2) {
+              padding-top: 1rem; }
+            .highlights > :nth-last-child(-n + 2) {
+              padding-bottom: 1rem; }
+            .highlights > :nth-child(2n + 1) {
+              padding-left: 1rem; }
+            .highlights > :nth-child(2n) {
+              padding-right: 1rem; }
+            .highlights > :nth-child(2n + 1),
+            .highlights > :nth-child(2n) {
+              padding: 1rem;
+              width: calc(100% + 2rem); }
+            .highlights > * {
+              padding: 1rem;
+              width: calc(100% + 2rem); }
+            .highlights > :nth-child(-n + 1) {
+              padding-top: 0; }
+            .highlights > :nth-last-child(-n + 1) {
+              padding-bottom: 0; }
+            .highlights > :nth-child(1n + 1) {
+              padding-left: 0; }
+            .highlights > :nth-child(1n) {
+              padding-right: 0; }
+            .highlights > :nth-child(1n + 1),
+            .highlights > :nth-child(1n) {
+              width: calc(100% + 1rem); } }
+        .highlights .content {
+          background: #ffffff;
+          box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.025); }
+        /* Testimonials */
+        .testimonials {
+          margin: 2.5rem 0;
+          width: 100%;
+          display: -moz-flex;
+          display: -webkit-flex;
+          display: -ms-flex;
+          display: flex;
+          -moz-flex-wrap: wrap;
+          -webkit-flex-wrap: wrap;
+          -ms-flex-wrap: wrap;
+          flex-wrap: wrap;
+          -moz-align-items: -moz-stretch;
+          -webkit-align-items: -webkit-stretch;
+          -ms-align-items: -ms-stretch;
+          align-items: stretch; }
+          .testimonials > * {
+            -moz-flex-shrink: 1;
+            -webkit-flex-shrink: 1;
+            -ms-flex-shrink: 1;
+            flex-shrink: 1;
+            -moz-flex-grow: 0;
+            -webkit-flex-grow: 0;
+            -ms-flex-grow: 0;
+            flex-grow: 0; }
+          .testimonials > * {
+            width: 33.3333333333%; }
+          .testimonials > * {
+            padding: 1.5rem;
+            width: calc(33.3333333333% + 1rem); }
+          .testimonials > :nth-child(-n + 3) {
+            padding-top: 0; }
+          .testimonials > :nth-last-child(-n + 3) {
+            padding-bottom: 0; }
+          .testimonials > :nth-child(3n + 1) {
+            padding-left: 0; }
+          .testimonials > :nth-child(3n) {
+            padding-right: 0; }
+          .testimonials > :nth-child(3n + 1),
+          .testimonials > :nth-child(3n) {
+            width: calc(33.3333333333% + -0.5rem); }
+          .testimonials .content {
+            border-radius: 4px;
+            height: 100%;
+            padding: 3rem; }
+            .testimonials .content .author {
+              display: -moz-flex;
+              display: -webkit-flex;
+              display: -ms-flex;
+              display: flex;
+              -moz-align-items: center;
+              -webkit-align-items: center;
+              -ms-align-items: center;
+              align-items: center; }
+              .testimonials .content .author blockquote {
+                margin: 0; }
+              .testimonials .content .author .image {
+                margin-right: 2rem;
+                width: 20%; }
+                .testimonials .content .author .image img {
+                  border-radius: 100%;
+                  max-width: 100%; }
+            .testimonials .content .credit {
+              font-size: 0.75rem; }
+            .testimonials .content p:last-child {
+              margin: 0; }
+          .testimonials > div > :last-child {
+            margin-bottom: 0; }
+          @media screen and (max-width: 980px) {
+            .testimonials > * {
+              width: 50%; }
+            .testimonials > * {
+              padding: 1rem;
+              width: calc(33.3333333333% + 0.6666666667rem); }
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(-n + 3) {
+              padding-top: 1rem; }
+            .testimonials > :nth-last-child(-n + 3) {
+              padding-bottom: 1rem; }
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(3n + 1) {
+              padding-left: 1rem; }
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(3n) {
+              padding-right: 1rem; }
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(3n + 1),
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(3n) {
+              padding: 1rem;
+              width: calc(50% + 1rem); }
+            .testimonials > * {
+              padding: 1rem;
+              width: calc(50% + 1rem); }
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(-n + 2) {
+              padding-top: 0; }
+            .testimonials > :nth-last-child(-n + 2) {
+              padding-bottom: 0; }
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(2n + 1) {
+              padding-left: 0; }
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(2n) {
+              padding-right: 0; }
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(2n + 1),
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(2n) {
+              width: calc(50% + 0rem); }
+            .testimonials .content {
+              padding: 2rem; } }
+          @media screen and (max-width: 736px) {
+            .testimonials > * {
+              width: 100%; }
+            .testimonials > * {
+              padding: 1rem;
+              width: calc(33.3333333333% + 0.6666666667rem); }
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(-n + 3) {
+              padding-top: 1rem; }
+            .testimonials > :nth-last-child(-n + 3) {
+              padding-bottom: 1rem; }
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(3n + 1) {
+              padding-left: 1rem; }
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(3n) {
+              padding-right: 1rem; }
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(3n + 1),
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(3n) {
+              padding: 1rem;
+              width: calc(100% + 2rem); }
+            .testimonials > * {
+              padding: 1rem;
+              width: calc(50% + 1rem); }
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(-n + 2) {
+              padding-top: 1rem; }
+            .testimonials > :nth-last-child(-n + 2) {
+              padding-bottom: 1rem; }
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(2n + 1) {
+              padding-left: 1rem; }
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(2n) {
+              padding-right: 1rem; }
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(2n + 1),
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(2n) {
+              padding: 1rem;
+              width: calc(100% + 2rem); }
+            .testimonials > * {
+              padding: 1rem;
+              width: calc(100% + 2rem); }
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(-n + 1) {
+              padding-top: 0; }
+            .testimonials > :nth-last-child(-n + 1) {
+              padding-bottom: 0; }
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(1n + 1) {
+              padding-left: 0; }
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(1n) {
+              padding-right: 0; }
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(1n + 1),
+            .testimonials > :nth-child(1n) {
+              width: calc(100% + 1rem); } }
+        .testimonials .content {
+          background: #ffffff;
+          box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.025); }
+          .testimonials .content .credit strong {
+            color: #B3DC77; }
+        /* Actions */
+        ul.actions {
+          display: -moz-flex;
+          display: -webkit-flex;
+          display: -ms-flex;
+          display: flex;
+          cursor: default;
+          list-style: none;
+          margin-left: -1rem;
+          padding-left: 0; }
+          ul.actions li {
+            padding: 0 0 0 1rem;
+            vertical-align: middle; }
+          ul.actions.special {
+            -moz-justify-content: center;
+            -webkit-justify-content: center;
+            -ms-justify-content: center;
+            justify-content: center;
+            width: calc(100% + 1rem); }
+          ul.actions.stacked {
+            -moz-flex-direction: column;
+            -webkit-flex-direction: column;
+            -ms-flex-direction: column;
+            flex-direction: column;
+            margin-left: 0; }
+            ul.actions.stacked li {
+              padding: 1.3rem 0 0 0; }
+              ul.actions.stacked li:first-child {
+                padding-top: 0; }
+          ul.actions.fit {
+            width: calc(100% + 1rem); }
+            ul.actions.fit li {
+              -moz-flex-grow: 1;
+              -webkit-flex-grow: 1;
+              -ms-flex-grow: 1;
+              flex-grow: 1;
+              -moz-flex-shrink: 1;
+              -webkit-flex-shrink: 1;
+              -ms-flex-shrink: 1;
+              flex-shrink: 1;
+              width: 100%; }
+              ul.actions.fit li > * {
+                width: 100%; }
+            ul.actions.fit.stacked {
+              width: 100%; }
+          @media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
+            ul.actions:not(.fixed) {
+              -moz-flex-direction: column;
+              -webkit-flex-direction: column;
+              -ms-flex-direction: column;
+              flex-direction: column;
+              margin-left: 0;
+              width: 100% !important; }
+              ul.actions:not(.fixed) li {
+                -moz-flex-grow: 1;
+                -webkit-flex-grow: 1;
+                -ms-flex-grow: 1;
+                flex-grow: 1;
+                -moz-flex-shrink: 1;
+                -webkit-flex-shrink: 1;
+                -ms-flex-shrink: 1;
+                flex-shrink: 1;
+                padding: 1rem 0 0 0;
+                text-align: center;
+                width: 100%; }
+                ul.actions:not(.fixed) li > * {
+                  width: 100%; }
+                ul.actions:not(.fixed) li:first-child {
+                  padding-top: 0; }
+                ul.actions:not(.fixed) li input[type="submit"],
+                ul.actions:not(.fixed) li input[type="reset"],
+                ul.actions:not(.fixed) li input[type="button"],
+                ul.actions:not(.fixed) li button,
+                ul.actions:not(.fixed) li .button {
+                  width: 100%; }
+                  ul.actions:not(.fixed) li input[type="submit"].icon:before,
+                  ul.actions:not(.fixed) li input[type="reset"].icon:before,
+                  ul.actions:not(.fixed) li input[type="button"].icon:before,
+                  ul.actions:not(.fixed) li button.icon:before,
+                  ul.actions:not(.fixed) li .button.icon:before {
+                    margin-left: -0.5rem; } }
+        /* Grid */
+        .row {
+          display: flex;
+          flex-wrap: wrap;
+          box-sizing: border-box; }
+          .row > * {
+            box-sizing: border-box; }
+          .row.gtr-uniform > * > :last-child {
+            margin-bottom: 0; }
+        .row > .imp {
+          order: -1; }
+        .row > .col-1 {
+          width: 8.3333333333%; }
+        .row > .off-1 {
+          margin-left: 8.3333333333%; }
+        .row > .col-2 {
+          width: 16.6666666667%; }
+        .row > .off-2 {
+          margin-left: 16.6666666667%; }
+        .row > .col-3 {
+          width: 25%; }
+        .row > .off-3 {
+          margin-left: 25%; }
+        .row > .col-4 {
+          width: 33.3333333333%; }
+        .row > .off-4 {
+          margin-left: 33.3333333333%; }
+        .row > .col-5 {
+          width: 41.6666666667%; }
+        .row > .off-5 {
+          margin-left: 41.6666666667%; }
+        .row > .col-6 {
+          width: 50%; }
+        .row > .off-6 {
+          margin-left: 50%; }
+        .row > .col-7 {
+          width: 58.3333333333%; }
+        .row > .off-7 {
+          margin-left: 58.3333333333%; }
+        .row > .col-8 {
+          width: 66.6666666667%; }
+        .row > .off-8 {
+          margin-left: 66.6666666667%; }
+        .row > .col-9 {
+          width: 75%; }
+        .row > .off-9 {
+          margin-left: 75%; }
+        .row > .col-10 {
+          width: 83.3333333333%; }
+        .row > .off-10 {
+          margin-left: 83.3333333333%; }
+        .row > .col-11 {
+          width: 91.6666666667%; }
+        .row > .off-11 {
+          margin-left: 91.6666666667%; }
+        .row > .col-12 {
+          width: 100%; }
+        .row > .off-12 {
+          margin-left: 100%; }
+        .row.gtr-0 {
+          margin-top: 0;
+          margin-left: 0rem; }
+          .row.gtr-0 > * {
+            padding: 0 0 0 0rem; }
+          .row.gtr-0.gtr-uniform {
+            margin-top: 0rem; }
+            .row.gtr-0.gtr-uniform > * {
+              padding-top: 0rem; }
+        .row.gtr-25 {
+          margin-top: 0;
+          margin-left: -0.75rem; }
+          .row.gtr-25 > * {
+            padding: 0 0 0 0.75rem; }
+          .row.gtr-25.gtr-uniform {
+            margin-top: -0.75rem; }
+            .row.gtr-25.gtr-uniform > * {
+              padding-top: 0.75rem; }
+        .row.gtr-50 {
+          margin-top: 0;
+          margin-left: -1.5rem; }
+          .row.gtr-50 > * {
+            padding: 0 0 0 1.5rem; }
+          .row.gtr-50.gtr-uniform {
+            margin-top: -1.5rem; }
+            .row.gtr-50.gtr-uniform > * {
+              padding-top: 1.5rem; }
+        .row {
+          margin-top: 0;
+          margin-left: -3rem; }
+          .row > * {
+            padding: 0 0 0 3rem; }
+          .row.gtr-uniform {
+            margin-top: -3rem; }
+            .row.gtr-uniform > * {
+              padding-top: 3rem; }
+        .row.gtr-150 {
+          margin-top: 0;
+          margin-left: -4.5rem; }
+          .row.gtr-150 > * {
+            padding: 0 0 0 4.5rem; }
+          .row.gtr-150.gtr-uniform {
+            margin-top: -4.5rem; }
+            .row.gtr-150.gtr-uniform > * {
+              padding-top: 4.5rem; }
+        .row.gtr-200 {
+          margin-top: 0;
+          margin-left: -6rem; }
+          .row.gtr-200 > * {
+            padding: 0 0 0 6rem; }
+          .row.gtr-200.gtr-uniform {
+            margin-top: -6rem; }
+            .row.gtr-200.gtr-uniform > * {
+              padding-top: 6rem; }
+        @media screen and (max-width: 1680px) {
+          .row {
+            display: flex;
+            flex-wrap: wrap;
+            box-sizing: border-box; }
+            .row > * {
+              box-sizing: border-box; }
+            .row.gtr-uniform > * > :last-child {
+              margin-bottom: 0; }
+          .row > .imp-xlarge {
+            order: -1; }
+          .row > .col-1-xlarge {
+            width: 8.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .off-1-xlarge {
+            margin-left: 8.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .col-2-xlarge {
+            width: 16.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .off-2-xlarge {
+            margin-left: 16.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .col-3-xlarge {
+            width: 25%; }
+          .row > .off-3-xlarge {
+            margin-left: 25%; }
+          .row > .col-4-xlarge {
+            width: 33.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .off-4-xlarge {
+            margin-left: 33.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .col-5-xlarge {
+            width: 41.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .off-5-xlarge {
+            margin-left: 41.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .col-6-xlarge {
+            width: 50%; }
+          .row > .off-6-xlarge {
+            margin-left: 50%; }
+          .row > .col-7-xlarge {
+            width: 58.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .off-7-xlarge {
+            margin-left: 58.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .col-8-xlarge {
+            width: 66.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .off-8-xlarge {
+            margin-left: 66.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .col-9-xlarge {
+            width: 75%; }
+          .row > .off-9-xlarge {
+            margin-left: 75%; }
+          .row > .col-10-xlarge {
+            width: 83.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .off-10-xlarge {
+            margin-left: 83.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .col-11-xlarge {
+            width: 91.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .off-11-xlarge {
+            margin-left: 91.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .col-12-xlarge {
+            width: 100%; }
+          .row > .off-12-xlarge {
+            margin-left: 100%; }
+          .row.gtr-0 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: 0rem; }
+            .row.gtr-0 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 0rem; }
+            .row.gtr-0.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: 0rem; }
+              .row.gtr-0.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 0rem; }
+          .row.gtr-25 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -0.75rem; }
+            .row.gtr-25 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 0.75rem; }
+            .row.gtr-25.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -0.75rem; }
+              .row.gtr-25.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 0.75rem; }
+          .row.gtr-50 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -1.5rem; }
+            .row.gtr-50 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 1.5rem; }
+            .row.gtr-50.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -1.5rem; }
+              .row.gtr-50.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 1.5rem; }
+          .row {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -3rem; }
+            .row > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 3rem; }
+            .row.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -3rem; }
+              .row.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 3rem; }
+          .row.gtr-150 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -4.5rem; }
+            .row.gtr-150 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 4.5rem; }
+            .row.gtr-150.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -4.5rem; }
+              .row.gtr-150.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 4.5rem; }
+          .row.gtr-200 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -6rem; }
+            .row.gtr-200 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 6rem; }
+            .row.gtr-200.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -6rem; }
+              .row.gtr-200.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 6rem; } }
+        @media screen and (max-width: 1280px) {
+          .row {
+            display: flex;
+            flex-wrap: wrap;
+            box-sizing: border-box; }
+            .row > * {
+              box-sizing: border-box; }
+            .row.gtr-uniform > * > :last-child {
+              margin-bottom: 0; }
+          .row > .imp-large {
+            order: -1; }
+          .row > .col-1-large {
+            width: 8.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .off-1-large {
+            margin-left: 8.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .col-2-large {
+            width: 16.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .off-2-large {
+            margin-left: 16.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .col-3-large {
+            width: 25%; }
+          .row > .off-3-large {
+            margin-left: 25%; }
+          .row > .col-4-large {
+            width: 33.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .off-4-large {
+            margin-left: 33.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .col-5-large {
+            width: 41.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .off-5-large {
+            margin-left: 41.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .col-6-large {
+            width: 50%; }
+          .row > .off-6-large {
+            margin-left: 50%; }
+          .row > .col-7-large {
+            width: 58.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .off-7-large {
+            margin-left: 58.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .col-8-large {
+            width: 66.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .off-8-large {
+            margin-left: 66.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .col-9-large {
+            width: 75%; }
+          .row > .off-9-large {
+            margin-left: 75%; }
+          .row > .col-10-large {
+            width: 83.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .off-10-large {
+            margin-left: 83.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .col-11-large {
+            width: 91.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .off-11-large {
+            margin-left: 91.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .col-12-large {
+            width: 100%; }
+          .row > .off-12-large {
+            margin-left: 100%; }
+          .row.gtr-0 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: 0rem; }
+            .row.gtr-0 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 0rem; }
+            .row.gtr-0.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: 0rem; }
+              .row.gtr-0.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 0rem; }
+          .row.gtr-25 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -0.375rem; }
+            .row.gtr-25 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 0.375rem; }
+            .row.gtr-25.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -0.375rem; }
+              .row.gtr-25.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 0.375rem; }
+          .row.gtr-50 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -0.75rem; }
+            .row.gtr-50 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 0.75rem; }
+            .row.gtr-50.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -0.75rem; }
+              .row.gtr-50.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 0.75rem; }
+          .row {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -1.5rem; }
+            .row > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 1.5rem; }
+            .row.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -1.5rem; }
+              .row.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 1.5rem; }
+          .row.gtr-150 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -2.25rem; }
+            .row.gtr-150 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 2.25rem; }
+            .row.gtr-150.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -2.25rem; }
+              .row.gtr-150.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 2.25rem; }
+          .row.gtr-200 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -3rem; }
+            .row.gtr-200 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 3rem; }
+            .row.gtr-200.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -3rem; }
+              .row.gtr-200.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 3rem; } }
+        @media screen and (max-width: 980px) {
+          .row {
+            display: flex;
+            flex-wrap: wrap;
+            box-sizing: border-box; }
+            .row > * {
+              box-sizing: border-box; }
+            .row.gtr-uniform > * > :last-child {
+              margin-bottom: 0; }
+          .row > .imp-medium {
+            order: -1; }
+          .row > .col-1-medium {
+            width: 8.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .off-1-medium {
+            margin-left: 8.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .col-2-medium {
+            width: 16.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .off-2-medium {
+            margin-left: 16.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .col-3-medium {
+            width: 25%; }
+          .row > .off-3-medium {
+            margin-left: 25%; }
+          .row > .col-4-medium {
+            width: 33.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .off-4-medium {
+            margin-left: 33.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .col-5-medium {
+            width: 41.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .off-5-medium {
+            margin-left: 41.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .col-6-medium {
+            width: 50%; }
+          .row > .off-6-medium {
+            margin-left: 50%; }
+          .row > .col-7-medium {
+            width: 58.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .off-7-medium {
+            margin-left: 58.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .col-8-medium {
+            width: 66.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .off-8-medium {
+            margin-left: 66.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .col-9-medium {
+            width: 75%; }
+          .row > .off-9-medium {
+            margin-left: 75%; }
+          .row > .col-10-medium {
+            width: 83.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .off-10-medium {
+            margin-left: 83.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .col-11-medium {
+            width: 91.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .off-11-medium {
+            margin-left: 91.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .col-12-medium {
+            width: 100%; }
+          .row > .off-12-medium {
+            margin-left: 100%; }
+          .row.gtr-0 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: 0rem; }
+            .row.gtr-0 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 0rem; }
+            .row.gtr-0.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: 0rem; }
+              .row.gtr-0.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 0rem; }
+          .row.gtr-25 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -0.375rem; }
+            .row.gtr-25 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 0.375rem; }
+            .row.gtr-25.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -0.375rem; }
+              .row.gtr-25.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 0.375rem; }
+          .row.gtr-50 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -0.75rem; }
+            .row.gtr-50 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 0.75rem; }
+            .row.gtr-50.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -0.75rem; }
+              .row.gtr-50.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 0.75rem; }
+          .row {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -1.5rem; }
+            .row > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 1.5rem; }
+            .row.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -1.5rem; }
+              .row.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 1.5rem; }
+          .row.gtr-150 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -2.25rem; }
+            .row.gtr-150 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 2.25rem; }
+            .row.gtr-150.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -2.25rem; }
+              .row.gtr-150.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 2.25rem; }
+          .row.gtr-200 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -3rem; }
+            .row.gtr-200 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 3rem; }
+            .row.gtr-200.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -3rem; }
+              .row.gtr-200.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 3rem; } }
+        @media screen and (max-width: 736px) {
+          .row {
+            display: flex;
+            flex-wrap: wrap;
+            box-sizing: border-box; }
+            .row > * {
+              box-sizing: border-box; }
+            .row.gtr-uniform > * > :last-child {
+              margin-bottom: 0; }
+          .row > .imp-small {
+            order: -1; }
+          .row > .col-1-small {
+            width: 8.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .off-1-small {
+            margin-left: 8.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .col-2-small {
+            width: 16.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .off-2-small {
+            margin-left: 16.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .col-3-small {
+            width: 25%; }
+          .row > .off-3-small {
+            margin-left: 25%; }
+          .row > .col-4-small {
+            width: 33.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .off-4-small {
+            margin-left: 33.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .col-5-small {
+            width: 41.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .off-5-small {
+            margin-left: 41.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .col-6-small {
+            width: 50%; }
+          .row > .off-6-small {
+            margin-left: 50%; }
+          .row > .col-7-small {
+            width: 58.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .off-7-small {
+            margin-left: 58.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .col-8-small {
+            width: 66.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .off-8-small {
+            margin-left: 66.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .col-9-small {
+            width: 75%; }
+          .row > .off-9-small {
+            margin-left: 75%; }
+          .row > .col-10-small {
+            width: 83.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .off-10-small {
+            margin-left: 83.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .col-11-small {
+            width: 91.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .off-11-small {
+            margin-left: 91.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .col-12-small {
+            width: 100%; }
+          .row > .off-12-small {
+            margin-left: 100%; }
+          .row.gtr-0 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: 0rem; }
+            .row.gtr-0 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 0rem; }
+            .row.gtr-0.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: 0rem; }
+              .row.gtr-0.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 0rem; }
+          .row.gtr-25 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -0.3125rem; }
+            .row.gtr-25 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 0.3125rem; }
+            .row.gtr-25.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -0.3125rem; }
+              .row.gtr-25.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 0.3125rem; }
+          .row.gtr-50 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -0.625rem; }
+            .row.gtr-50 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 0.625rem; }
+            .row.gtr-50.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -0.625rem; }
+              .row.gtr-50.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 0.625rem; }
+          .row {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -1.25rem; }
+            .row > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 1.25rem; }
+            .row.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -1.25rem; }
+              .row.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 1.25rem; }
+          .row.gtr-150 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -1.875rem; }
+            .row.gtr-150 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 1.875rem; }
+            .row.gtr-150.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -1.875rem; }
+              .row.gtr-150.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 1.875rem; }
+          .row.gtr-200 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -2.5rem; }
+            .row.gtr-200 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 2.5rem; }
+            .row.gtr-200.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -2.5rem; }
+              .row.gtr-200.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 2.5rem; } }
+        @media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
+          .row {
+            display: flex;
+            flex-wrap: wrap;
+            box-sizing: border-box; }
+            .row > * {
+              box-sizing: border-box; }
+            .row.gtr-uniform > * > :last-child {
+              margin-bottom: 0; }
+          .row > .imp-xsmall {
+            order: -1; }
+          .row > .col-1-xsmall {
+            width: 8.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .off-1-xsmall {
+            margin-left: 8.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .col-2-xsmall {
+            width: 16.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .off-2-xsmall {
+            margin-left: 16.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .col-3-xsmall {
+            width: 25%; }
+          .row > .off-3-xsmall {
+            margin-left: 25%; }
+          .row > .col-4-xsmall {
+            width: 33.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .off-4-xsmall {
+            margin-left: 33.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .col-5-xsmall {
+            width: 41.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .off-5-xsmall {
+            margin-left: 41.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .col-6-xsmall {
+            width: 50%; }
+          .row > .off-6-xsmall {
+            margin-left: 50%; }
+          .row > .col-7-xsmall {
+            width: 58.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .off-7-xsmall {
+            margin-left: 58.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .col-8-xsmall {
+            width: 66.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .off-8-xsmall {
+            margin-left: 66.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .col-9-xsmall {
+            width: 75%; }
+          .row > .off-9-xsmall {
+            margin-left: 75%; }
+          .row > .col-10-xsmall {
+            width: 83.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .off-10-xsmall {
+            margin-left: 83.3333333333%; }
+          .row > .col-11-xsmall {
+            width: 91.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .off-11-xsmall {
+            margin-left: 91.6666666667%; }
+          .row > .col-12-xsmall {
+            width: 100%; }
+          .row > .off-12-xsmall {
+            margin-left: 100%; }
+          .row.gtr-0 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: 0rem; }
+            .row.gtr-0 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 0rem; }
+            .row.gtr-0.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: 0rem; }
+              .row.gtr-0.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 0rem; }
+          .row.gtr-25 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -0.3125rem; }
+            .row.gtr-25 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 0.3125rem; }
+            .row.gtr-25.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -0.3125rem; }
+              .row.gtr-25.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 0.3125rem; }
+          .row.gtr-50 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -0.625rem; }
+            .row.gtr-50 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 0.625rem; }
+            .row.gtr-50.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -0.625rem; }
+              .row.gtr-50.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 0.625rem; }
+          .row {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -1.25rem; }
+            .row > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 1.25rem; }
+            .row.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -1.25rem; }
+              .row.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 1.25rem; }
+          .row.gtr-150 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -1.875rem; }
+            .row.gtr-150 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 1.875rem; }
+            .row.gtr-150.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -1.875rem; }
+              .row.gtr-150.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 1.875rem; }
+          .row.gtr-200 {
+            margin-top: 0;
+            margin-left: -2.5rem; }
+            .row.gtr-200 > * {
+              padding: 0 0 0 2.5rem; }
+            .row.gtr-200.gtr-uniform {
+              margin-top: -2.5rem; }
+              .row.gtr-200.gtr-uniform > * {
+                padding-top: 2.5rem; } }
+        /* Icon */
+        .icon {
+          text-decoration: none;
+          border-bottom: none;
+          position: relative; }
+          .icon:before {
+            -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
+            -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
+            font-family: FontAwesome;
+            font-style: normal;
+            font-weight: normal;
+            text-transform: none !important; }
+          .icon > .label {
+            display: none; }
+        /* Icons */
+        ul.icons {
+          cursor: default;
+          list-style: none;
+          padding-left: 0; }
+          ul.icons li {
+            display: inline-block;
+            padding: 0 1rem 0 0; }
+            ul.icons li:last-child {
+              padding-right: 0; }
+            ul.icons li .icon:before {
+              font-size: 2rem; }
+        /* Image */
+        .image {
+          border-radius: 4px;
+          border: 0;
+          display: inline-block;
+          position: relative; }
+          .image img {
+            border-radius: 4px;
+            display: block; }
+          .image.left, .image.right {
+            max-width: 40%; }
+            .image.left img, .image.right img {
+              width: 100%; }
+          .image.left {
+            float: left;
+            margin: 0 2rem 2rem 0;
+            top: 0.25rem; }
+          .image.right {
+            float: right;
+            margin: 0 0 2rem 2rem;
+            top: 0.25rem; }
+          .image.fit {
+            display: block;
+            margin: 0 0 2rem 0;
+            width: 100%; }
+            .image.fit img {
+              width: 100%; }
+          .image.main {
+            display: block;
+            margin: 0 0 3rem 0;
+            width: 100%; }
+            .image.main img {
+              width: 100%; }
+        /* Wrapper */
+        .wrapper {
+          padding: 8rem 0 6rem 0 ;
+          position: relative;
+          z-index: 1; }
+          @media screen and (max-width: 1280px) {
+            .wrapper {
+              padding: 4rem 0 2rem 0 ; } }
+          @media screen and (max-width: 736px) {
+            .wrapper {
+              padding: 3rem 0 1rem 0 ; } }
+          @media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
+            .wrapper {
+              padding: 2rem 0 0.1rem 0 ; } }
+        /* Banner */
+        #banner {
+          -ms-flex-align: center;
+          -ms-flex-pack: center;
+          background-color: #111111;
+          color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
+          -moz-align-items: center;
+          -webkit-align-items: center;
+          -ms-align-items: center;
+          align-items: center;
+          display: -moz-flex;
+          display: -webkit-flex;
+          display: -ms-flex;
+          display: flex;
+          -moz-justify-content: center;
+          -webkit-justify-content: center;
+          -ms-justify-content: center;
+          justify-content: center;
+          background-image: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/3/36/T--Waterloo--banner.jpeg);
+          background-position: center;
+          background-repeat: no-repeat;
+          background-size: cover;
+          border-top: 0;
+          display: -ms-flexbox;
+          height: 35rem !important;
+          min-height: 35rem;
+          overflow: hidden;
+          position: relative;
+          text-align: center;
+          width: 100%; }
+          #banner input, #banner select, #banner textarea {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #banner a {
+            color: #B3DC77; }
+          #banner strong, #banner b {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #banner h1, #banner h2, #banner h3, #banner h4, #banner h5, #banner h6 {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #banner blockquote {
+            border-left-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #banner code {
+            background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.075);
+            border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #banner hr {
+            border-bottom-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #banner input[type="submit"],
+          #banner input[type="reset"],
+          #banner input[type="button"],
+          #banner button,
+          #banner .button {
+            background-color: transparent;
+            box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px #ffffff;
+            color: #ffffff !important; }
+            #banner input[type="submit"]:hover,
+            #banner input[type="reset"]:hover,
+            #banner input[type="button"]:hover,
+            #banner button:hover,
+            #banner .button:hover {
+              box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px #B3DC77;
+              color: #B3DC77 !important; }
+              #banner input[type="submit"]:hover:active,
+              #banner input[type="reset"]:hover:active,
+              #banner input[type="button"]:hover:active,
+              #banner button:hover:active,
+              #banner .button:hover:active {
+                background-color: rgba(206, 27, 40, 0.25); }
+            #banner input[type="submit"].primary,
+            #banner input[type="reset"].primary,
+            #banner input[type="button"].primary,
+            #banner button.primary,
+            #banner .button.primary {
+              box-shadow: none;
+              background-color: #B3DC77;
+              color: #ffffff !important; }
+              #banner input[type="submit"].primary:hover,
+              #banner input[type="reset"].primary:hover,
+              #banner input[type="button"].primary:hover,
+              #banner button.primary:hover,
+              #banner .button.primary:hover {
+                background-color: #B3DC77;
+                box-shadow: none; }
+                #banner input[type="submit"].primary:hover:active,
+                #banner input[type="reset"].primary:hover:active,
+                #banner input[type="button"].primary:hover:active,
+                #banner button.primary:hover:active,
+                #banner .button.primary:hover:active {
+                  background-color: #02b31f; }
+          #banner label {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #banner input[type="text"],
+          #banner input[type="password"],
+          #banner input[type="email"],
+          #banner input[type="tel"],
+          #banner input[type="search"],
+          #banner input[type="url"],
+          #banner select,
+          #banner textarea {
+            background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.075);
+            border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+            #banner input[type="text"]:focus,
+            #banner input[type="password"]:focus,
+            #banner input[type="email"]:focus,
+            #banner input[type="tel"]:focus,
+            #banner input[type="search"]:focus,
+            #banner input[type="url"]:focus,
+            #banner select:focus,
+            #banner textarea:focus {
+              border-color: #B3DC77;
+              box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #B3DC77; }
+          #banner select {
+            background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='40' height='40' preserveAspectRatio='none' viewBox='0 0 40 40'%3E%3Cpath d='M9.4,12.3l10.4,10.4l10.4-10.4c0.2-0.2,0.5-0.4,0.9-0.4c0.3,0,0.6,0.1,0.9,0.4l3.3,3.3c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.5,0.4,0.9 c0,0.4-0.1,0.6-0.4,0.9L20.7,31.9c-0.2,0.2-0.5,0.4-0.9,0.4c-0.3,0-0.6-0.1-0.9-0.4L4.3,17.3c-0.2-0.2-0.4-0.5-0.4-0.9 c0-0.4,0.1-0.6,0.4-0.9l3.3-3.3c0.2-0.2,0.5-0.4,0.9-0.4S9.1,12.1,9.4,12.3z' fill='rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25)' /%3E%3C/svg%3E"); }
+            #banner select option {
+              color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
+              background-color: #111111; }
+          #banner input[type="checkbox"] + label,
+          #banner input[type="radio"] + label {
+            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5); }
+            #banner input[type="checkbox"] + label:before,
+            #banner input[type="radio"] + label:before {
+              background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.075);
+              border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #banner input[type="checkbox"]:checked + label:before,
+          #banner input[type="radio"]:checked + label:before {
+            background-color: #B3DC77;
+            border-color: #B3DC77;
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #banner input[type="checkbox"]:focus + label:before,
+          #banner input[type="radio"]:focus + label:before {
+            border-color: #B3DC77;
+            box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #B3DC77; }
+          #banner ::-webkit-input-placeholder {
+            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) !important; }
+          #banner :-moz-placeholder {
+            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) !important; }
+          #banner ::-moz-placeholder {
+            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) !important; }
+          #banner :-ms-input-placeholder {
+            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) !important; }
+          #banner ul.alt li {
+            border-top-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #banner table tbody tr {
+            border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+            #banner table tbody tr:nth-child(2n + 1) {
+              background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.075); }
+          #banner table th {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #banner table thead {
+            border-bottom-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #banner table tfoot {
+            border-top-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #banner table.alt tbody tr td {
+            border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #banner .highlights .content {
+            background: #111111;
+            box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.025); }
+          #banner .testimonials .content {
+            background: #111111;
+            box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.025); }
+            #banner .testimonials .content .credit strong {
+              color: #B3DC77; }
+          #banner > .inner {
+            -moz-transform: scale(1.0);
+            -webkit-transform: scale(1.0);
+            -ms-transform: scale(1.0);
+            transform: scale(1.0);
+            -moz-transition: opacity 1s ease, -moz-transform 1s ease;
+            -webkit-transition: opacity 1s ease, -webkit-transform 1s ease;
+            -ms-transition: opacity 1s ease, -ms-transform 1s ease;
+            transition: opacity 1s ease, transform 1s ease;
+            opacity: 1;
+            position: relative;
+            z-index: 3; }
+            #banner > .inner > :last-child {
+              margin-bottom: 0; }
+          #banner h1 {
+            font-size: 4rem;
+            margin-bottom: 1rem; }
+          #banner p {
+            font-size: 1.5rem; }
+          #banner a {
+            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
+            text-decoration: none; }
+            #banner a:hover {
+              color: #ffffff; }
+          #banner video {
+            -moz-transform: translateX(50%) translateY(50%);
+            -webkit-transform: translateX(50%) translateY(50%);
+            -ms-transform: translateX(50%) translateY(50%);
+            transform: translateX(50%) translateY(50%);
+            bottom: 50%;
+            height: auto;
+            min-height: 100%;
+            min-width: 100%;
+            overflow: hidden;
+            position: absolute;
+            right: 50%;
+            width: auto; }
+          #banner:before {
+            -moz-transition: opacity 3s ease;
+            -webkit-transition: opacity 3s ease;
+            -ms-transition: opacity 3s ease;
+            transition: opacity 3s ease;
+            -moz-transition-delay: 1.25s;
+            -webkit-transition-delay: 1.25s;
+            -ms-transition-delay: 1.25s;
+            transition-delay: 1.25s;
+            background: #111111;
+            content: '';
+            display: block;
+            height: 100%;
+            left: 0;
+            opacity: 0.45;
+            position: absolute;
+            top: 0;
+            width: 100%;
+            z-index: 1; }
+          #banner:after {
+            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #B3DC77 0%, #111111 74%);
+            content: ' ';
+            display: block;
+            height: 100%;
+            left: 0;
+            opacity: 0.6;
+            position: absolute;
+            top: 0;
+            webkit-linear-gradientidth: 100%;
+            width: 100%;
+            z-index: 1; }
+          #banner.small {
+            height: 30vh !important;
+            min-height: 30vh; }
+          @media screen and (max-width: 1280px) {
+            #banner video {
+              display: none; } }
+          @media screen and (max-width: 736px) {
+            #banner {
+              height: auto !important;
+              min-height: 0;
+              padding: 4rem 2rem 4rem 2rem; }
+              #banner .inner {
+                width: 100%; }
+              #banner h1 {
+                font-size: 1.75rem;
+                margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
+                padding-bottom: 0; }
+              #banner p {
+                font-size: 1.25rem; }
+              #banner br {
+                display: none; }
+              #banner .button {
+                width: 100%; } }
+          @media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
+            #banner p {
+              font-size: 1rem; } }
+          body.is-preload #banner .inner {
+            -moz-transform: scale(0.99);
+            -webkit-transform: scale(0.99);
+            -ms-transform: scale(0.99);
+            transform: scale(0.99);
+            opacity: 0; }
+          body.is-preload #banner:before {
+            opacity: 1; }
+        /* CTA */
+        #cta {
+          background-color: #B3DC77;
+          color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
+          background-attachment: fixed;
+          background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(206, 27, 40, 0.25), rgba(206, 27, 40, 0.25)), url(../../images/cta01.jpg);
+          background-position: bottom;
+          background-repeat: no-repeat;
+          background-size: cover;
+          position: relative;
+          text-align: center;
+          z-index: 1; }
+          #cta input, #cta select, #cta textarea {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #cta a {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #cta strong, #cta b {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #cta h1, #cta h2, #cta h3, #cta h4, #cta h5, #cta h6 {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #cta blockquote {
+            border-left-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #cta code {
+            background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.075);
+            border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #cta hr {
+            border-bottom-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #cta input[type="submit"],
+          #cta input[type="reset"],
+          #cta input[type="button"],
+          #cta button,
+          #cta .button {
+            background-color: transparent;
+            box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px #ffffff;
+            color: #ffffff !important; }
+            #cta input[type="submit"]:hover,
+            #cta input[type="reset"]:hover,
+            #cta input[type="button"]:hover,
+            #cta button:hover,
+            #cta .button:hover {
+              background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1); }
+              #cta input[type="submit"]:hover:active,
+              #cta input[type="reset"]:hover:active,
+              #cta input[type="button"]:hover:active,
+              #cta button:hover:active,
+              #cta .button:hover:active {
+                background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+            #cta input[type="submit"].primary,
+            #cta input[type="reset"].primary,
+            #cta input[type="button"].primary,
+            #cta button.primary,
+            #cta .button.primary {
+              box-shadow: none;
+              background-color: #ffffff;
+              color: #B3DC77 !important; }
+              #cta input[type="submit"].primary:hover,
+              #cta input[type="reset"].primary:hover,
+              #cta input[type="button"].primary:hover,
+              #cta button.primary:hover,
+              #cta .button.primary:hover {
+                background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.875);
+                box-shadow: none; }
+                #cta input[type="submit"].primary:hover:active,
+                #cta input[type="reset"].primary:hover:active,
+                #cta input[type="button"].primary:hover:active,
+                #cta button.primary:hover:active,
+                #cta .button.primary:hover:active {
+                  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5); }
+          #cta label {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #cta input[type="text"],
+          #cta input[type="password"],
+          #cta input[type="email"],
+          #cta input[type="tel"],
+          #cta input[type="search"],
+          #cta input[type="url"],
+          #cta select,
+          #cta textarea {
+            background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.075);
+            border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+            #cta input[type="text"]:focus,
+            #cta input[type="password"]:focus,
+            #cta input[type="email"]:focus,
+            #cta input[type="tel"]:focus,
+            #cta input[type="search"]:focus,
+            #cta input[type="url"]:focus,
+            #cta select:focus,
+            #cta textarea:focus {
+              border-color: #ffffff;
+              box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #ffffff; }
+          #cta select {
+            background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='40' height='40' preserveAspectRatio='none' viewBox='0 0 40 40'%3E%3Cpath d='M9.4,12.3l10.4,10.4l10.4-10.4c0.2-0.2,0.5-0.4,0.9-0.4c0.3,0,0.6,0.1,0.9,0.4l3.3,3.3c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.5,0.4,0.9 c0,0.4-0.1,0.6-0.4,0.9L20.7,31.9c-0.2,0.2-0.5,0.4-0.9,0.4c-0.3,0-0.6-0.1-0.9-0.4L4.3,17.3c-0.2-0.2-0.4-0.5-0.4-0.9 c0-0.4,0.1-0.6,0.4-0.9l3.3-3.3c0.2-0.2,0.5-0.4,0.9-0.4S9.1,12.1,9.4,12.3z' fill='rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25)' /%3E%3C/svg%3E"); }
+            #cta select option {
+              color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
+              background-color: #B3DC77; }
+          #cta input[type="checkbox"] + label,
+          #cta input[type="radio"] + label {
+            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75); }
+            #cta input[type="checkbox"] + label:before,
+            #cta input[type="radio"] + label:before {
+              background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.075);
+              border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #cta input[type="checkbox"]:checked + label:before,
+          #cta input[type="radio"]:checked + label:before {
+            background-color: #ffffff;
+            border-color: #ffffff;
+            color: #B3DC77; }
+          #cta input[type="checkbox"]:focus + label:before,
+          #cta input[type="radio"]:focus + label:before {
+            border-color: #ffffff;
+            box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #ffffff; }
+          #cta ::-webkit-input-placeholder {
+            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) !important; }
+          #cta :-moz-placeholder {
+            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) !important; }
+          #cta ::-moz-placeholder {
+            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) !important; }
+          #cta :-ms-input-placeholder {
+            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) !important; }
+          #cta ul.alt li {
+            border-top-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #cta table tbody tr {
+            border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+            #cta table tbody tr:nth-child(2n + 1) {
+              background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.075); }
+          #cta table th {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #cta table thead {
+            border-bottom-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #cta table tfoot {
+            border-top-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #cta table.alt tbody tr td {
+            border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #cta .highlights .content {
+            background: #B3DC77;
+            box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.025); }
+          #cta .testimonials .content {
+            background: #B3DC77;
+            box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.025); }
+            #cta .testimonials .content .credit strong {
+              color: #B3DC77; }
+          #cta .inner {
+            position: relative;
+            z-index: 3; }
+          @media screen and (max-width: 980px) {
+            #cta {
+              background-attachment: scroll; } }
+        /* Footer */
+        #footer {
+          background-color: #111111;
+          color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
+          padding: 8rem 0 6rem 0 ; }
+          #footer input, #footer select, #footer textarea {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #footer a {
+            color: #B3DC77; }
+          #footer strong, #footer b {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #footer h1, #footer h2, #footer h3, #footer h4, #footer h5, #footer h6 {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #footer blockquote {
+            border-left-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #footer code {
+            background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.075);
+            border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #footer hr {
+            border-bottom-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #footer input[type="submit"],
+          #footer input[type="reset"],
+          #footer input[type="button"],
+          #footer button,
+          #footer .button {
+            background-color: transparent;
+            box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px #ffffff;
+            color: #ffffff !important; }
+            #footer input[type="submit"]:hover,
+            #footer input[type="reset"]:hover,
+            #footer input[type="button"]:hover,
+            #footer button:hover,
+            #footer .button:hover {
+              box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px #B3DC77;
+              color: #B3DC77 !important; }
+              #footer input[type="submit"]:hover:active,
+              #footer input[type="reset"]:hover:active,
+              #footer input[type="button"]:hover:active,
+              #footer button:hover:active,
+              #footer .button:hover:active {
+                background-color: rgba(206, 27, 40, 0.25); }
+            #footer input[type="submit"].primary,
+            #footer input[type="reset"].primary,
+            #footer input[type="button"].primary,
+            #footer button.primary,
+            #footer .button.primary {
+              box-shadow: none;
+              background-color: #B3DC77;
+              color: #ffffff !important; }
+              #footer input[type="submit"].primary:hover,
+              #footer input[type="reset"].primary:hover,
+              #footer input[type="button"].primary:hover,
+              #footer button.primary:hover,
+              #footer .button.primary:hover {
+                background-color: #B3DC77;
+                box-shadow: none; }
+                #footer input[type="submit"].primary:hover:active,
+                #footer input[type="reset"].primary:hover:active,
+                #footer input[type="button"].primary:hover:active,
+                #footer button.primary:hover:active,
+                #footer .button.primary:hover:active {
+                  background-color: #02b31f; }
+          #footer label {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #footer input[type="text"],
+          #footer input[type="password"],
+          #footer input[type="email"],
+          #footer input[type="tel"],
+          #footer input[type="search"],
+          #footer input[type="url"],
+          #footer select,
+          #footer textarea {
+            background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.075);
+            border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+            #footer input[type="text"]:focus,
+            #footer input[type="password"]:focus,
+            #footer input[type="email"]:focus,
+            #footer input[type="tel"]:focus,
+            #footer input[type="search"]:focus,
+            #footer input[type="url"]:focus,
+            #footer select:focus,
+            #footer textarea:focus {
+              border-color: #B3DC77;
+              box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #B3DC77; }
+          #footer select {
+            background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='40' height='40' preserveAspectRatio='none' viewBox='0 0 40 40'%3E%3Cpath d='M9.4,12.3l10.4,10.4l10.4-10.4c0.2-0.2,0.5-0.4,0.9-0.4c0.3,0,0.6,0.1,0.9,0.4l3.3,3.3c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.5,0.4,0.9 c0,0.4-0.1,0.6-0.4,0.9L20.7,31.9c-0.2,0.2-0.5,0.4-0.9,0.4c-0.3,0-0.6-0.1-0.9-0.4L4.3,17.3c-0.2-0.2-0.4-0.5-0.4-0.9 c0-0.4,0.1-0.6,0.4-0.9l3.3-3.3c0.2-0.2,0.5-0.4,0.9-0.4S9.1,12.1,9.4,12.3z' fill='rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25)' /%3E%3C/svg%3E"); }
+            #footer select option {
+              color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
+              background-color: #111111; }
+          #footer input[type="checkbox"] + label,
+          #footer input[type="radio"] + label {
+            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5); }
+            #footer input[type="checkbox"] + label:before,
+            #footer input[type="radio"] + label:before {
+              background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.075);
+              border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #footer input[type="checkbox"]:checked + label:before,
+          #footer input[type="radio"]:checked + label:before {
+            background-color: #B3DC77;
+            border-color: #B3DC77;
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #footer input[type="checkbox"]:focus + label:before,
+          #footer input[type="radio"]:focus + label:before {
+            border-color: #B3DC77;
+            box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #B3DC77; }
+          #footer ::-webkit-input-placeholder {
+            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) !important; }
+          #footer :-moz-placeholder {
+            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) !important; }
+          #footer ::-moz-placeholder {
+            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) !important; }
+          #footer :-ms-input-placeholder {
+            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) !important; }
+          #footer ul.alt li {
+            border-top-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #footer table tbody tr {
+            border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+            #footer table tbody tr:nth-child(2n + 1) {
+              background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.075); }
+          #footer table th {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #footer table thead {
+            border-bottom-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #footer table tfoot {
+            border-top-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #footer table.alt tbody tr td {
+            border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #footer .highlights .content {
+            background: #111111;
+            box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.025); }
+          #footer .testimonials .content {
+            background: #111111;
+            box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.025); }
+            #footer .testimonials .content .credit strong {
+              color: #B3DC77; }
+          #footer a {
+            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
+            text-decoration: none; }
+            #footer a:hover {
+              color: #B3DC77; }
+          #footer .content {
+            display: -moz-flex;
+            display: -webkit-flex;
+            display: -ms-flex;
+            display: flex; }
+            #footer .content section {
+              width: 25%; }
+              #footer .content section:first-child {
+                width: 50%;
+                padding-right: 4rem; }
+              #footer .content section:last-child {
+                padding-left: 4rem; }
+          #footer .copyright {
+            border-top: 1px solid;
+            font-size: 0.8rem;
+            opacity: 0.5;
+            padding: 2rem 0;
+            text-align: center; }
+          @media screen and (max-width: 1280px) {
+            #footer {
+              padding: 4rem 0 2rem 0 ; } }
+          @media screen and (max-width: 980px) {
+            #footer .content {
+              -moz-flex-wrap: wrap;
+              -webkit-flex-wrap: wrap;
+              -ms-flex-wrap: wrap;
+              flex-wrap: wrap; }
+              #footer .content section {
+                width: 50%; }
+                #footer .content section:first-child {
+                  width: 100%;
+                  padding-right: 0; } }
+          @media screen and (max-width: 736px) {
+            #footer {
+              padding: 3rem 0 1rem 0 ; }
+              #footer .content section {
+                width: 100%; }
+                #footer .content section:last-child {
+                  padding-left: 0; } }
+          @media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
+            #footer {
+              padding: 2rem 0 0.1rem 0 ; } }
+        /* Header */
+        body {
+          padding-top: 3.25rem; }
+          body:before {
+            content: ' ';
+            background-image: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/3/37/T--Waterloo--bg_image.jpeg);
+            background-size: cover;
+            background-repeat: no-repeat;
+            background-attachment: fixed;
+            display: block;
+            position: fixed;
+            left: 0;
+            top: 0;
+            width: 100%;
+            height: 100%;
+            z-index: -1;
+            opacity: 0.05; }
+        #header {
+          -moz-align-items: center;
+          -webkit-align-items: center;
+          -ms-align-items: center;
+          align-items: center;
+          display: -moz-flex;
+          display: -webkit-flex;
+          display: -ms-flex;
+          display: flex;
+          -moz-justify-content: space-between;
+          -webkit-justify-content: space-between;
+          -ms-justify-content: space-between;
+          justify-content: space-between;
+          background: #111111;
+          color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
+          cursor: default;
+          height: 3.25rem;
+          left: 0;
+          line-height: 4.25rem;
+          position: fixed;
+          top: 0;
+          width: 100%;
+          z-index: 10001; }
+          #header > .logo {
+            color: #ffffff;
+            font-size: 1rem;
+            font-weight: 600;
+            height: inherit;
+            line-height: inherit;
+            padding: 0 1.25rem;
+            text-decoration: none; }
+          #header > nav > a {
+            color: inherit;
+            display: inline-block;
+            padding: 0 0.75rem;
+            text-decoration: none; }
+            #header > nav > a:hover {
+              color: #ffffff; }
+            #header > nav > a[href="#menu"] {
+              text-decoration: none;
+              -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); }
+              #header > nav > a[href="#menu"]:before {
+                -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
+                -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
+                font-family: FontAwesome;
+                font-style: normal;
+                font-weight: normal;
+                text-transform: none !important; }
+              #header > nav > a[href="#menu"]:before {
+                content: '\f0c9';
+                margin: 0 0.5rem 0 0; }
+            #header > nav > a + a[href="#menu"]:last-child {
+              border-left: solid 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
+              margin-left: 0.5rem;
+              padding-left: 1.25rem; }
+            #header > nav > a:last-child {
+              padding-right: 1.25rem; }
+            @media screen and (max-width: 736px) {
+              #header > nav > a {
+                padding: 0 0.5rem; }
+                #header > nav > a + a[href="#menu"]:last-child {
+                  margin-left: 0.25rem;
+                  padding-left: 1rem; }
+                #header > nav > a:last-child {
+                  padding-right: 1rem; } }
+        @media screen and (max-width: 980px) {
+          body {
+            padding-top: 44px; }
+          #header {
+            height: 44px;
+            line-height: 44px; } }
+        @media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
+          #header {
+            min-width: 320px; } }
+        /* Heading */
+        #heading {
+          -ms-flex-align: center;
+          -ms-flex-pack: center;
+          background-color: #111111;
+          color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
+          -moz-align-items: center;
+          -webkit-align-items: center;
+          -ms-align-items: center;
+          align-items: center;
+          display: -moz-flex;
+          display: -webkit-flex;
+          display: -ms-flex;
+          display: flex;
+          -moz-justify-content: center;
+          -webkit-justify-content: center;
+          -ms-justify-content: center;
+          justify-content: center;
+          background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(17, 17, 17, 0.25), rgba(17, 17, 17, 0.25)), url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/3/36/T--Waterloo--banner.jpeg);
+          background-position: center;
+          background-repeat: no-repeat;
+          background-size: cover;
+          border-top: 0;
+          display: -ms-flexbox;
+          height: 15rem !important;
+          min-height: 15rem;
+          overflow: hidden;
+          position: relative;
+          text-align: center;
+          width: 100%; }
+          #heading input, #heading select, #heading textarea {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #heading a {
+            color: #B3DC77; }
+          #heading strong, #heading b {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #heading h1, #heading h2, #heading h3, #heading h4, #heading h5, #heading h6 {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #heading blockquote {
+            border-left-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #heading code {
+            background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.075);
+            border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #heading hr {
+            border-bottom-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #heading input[type="submit"],
+          #heading input[type="reset"],
+          #heading input[type="button"],
+          #heading button,
+          #heading .button {
+            background-color: transparent;
+            box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px #ffffff;
+            color: #ffffff !important; }
+            #heading input[type="submit"]:hover,
+            #heading input[type="reset"]:hover,
+            #heading input[type="button"]:hover,
+            #heading button:hover,
+            #heading .button:hover {
+              box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px #B3DC77;
+              color: #B3DC77 !important; }
+              #heading input[type="submit"]:hover:active,
+              #heading input[type="reset"]:hover:active,
+              #heading input[type="button"]:hover:active,
+              #heading button:hover:active,
+              #heading .button:hover:active {
+                background-color: rgba(206, 27, 40, 0.25); }
+            #heading input[type="submit"].primary,
+            #heading input[type="reset"].primary,
+            #heading input[type="button"].primary,
+            #heading button.primary,
+            #heading .button.primary {
+              box-shadow: none;
+              background-color: #B3DC77;
+              color: #ffffff !important; }
+              #heading input[type="submit"].primary:hover,
+              #heading input[type="reset"].primary:hover,
+              #heading input[type="button"].primary:hover,
+              #heading button.primary:hover,
+              #heading .button.primary:hover {
+                background-color: #B3DC77;
+                box-shadow: none; }
+                #heading input[type="submit"].primary:hover:active,
+                #heading input[type="reset"].primary:hover:active,
+                #heading input[type="button"].primary:hover:active,
+                #heading button.primary:hover:active,
+                #heading .button.primary:hover:active {
+                  background-color: #02b31f; }
+          #heading label {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #heading input[type="text"],
+          #heading input[type="password"],
+          #heading input[type="email"],
+          #heading input[type="tel"],
+          #heading input[type="search"],
+          #heading input[type="url"],
+          #heading select,
+          #heading textarea {
+            background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.075);
+            border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+            #heading input[type="text"]:focus,
+            #heading input[type="password"]:focus,
+            #heading input[type="email"]:focus,
+            #heading input[type="tel"]:focus,
+            #heading input[type="search"]:focus,
+            #heading input[type="url"]:focus,
+            #heading select:focus,
+            #heading textarea:focus {
+              border-color: #B3DC77;
+              box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #B3DC77; }
+          #heading select {
+            background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='40' height='40' preserveAspectRatio='none' viewBox='0 0 40 40'%3E%3Cpath d='M9.4,12.3l10.4,10.4l10.4-10.4c0.2-0.2,0.5-0.4,0.9-0.4c0.3,0,0.6,0.1,0.9,0.4l3.3,3.3c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.5,0.4,0.9 c0,0.4-0.1,0.6-0.4,0.9L20.7,31.9c-0.2,0.2-0.5,0.4-0.9,0.4c-0.3,0-0.6-0.1-0.9-0.4L4.3,17.3c-0.2-0.2-0.4-0.5-0.4-0.9 c0-0.4,0.1-0.6,0.4-0.9l3.3-3.3c0.2-0.2,0.5-0.4,0.9-0.4S9.1,12.1,9.4,12.3z' fill='rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25)' /%3E%3C/svg%3E"); }
+            #heading select option {
+              color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
+              background-color: #111111; }
+          #heading input[type="checkbox"] + label,
+          #heading input[type="radio"] + label {
+            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5); }
+            #heading input[type="checkbox"] + label:before,
+            #heading input[type="radio"] + label:before {
+              background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.075);
+              border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #heading input[type="checkbox"]:checked + label:before,
+          #heading input[type="radio"]:checked + label:before {
+            background-color: #B3DC77;
+            border-color: #B3DC77;
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #heading input[type="checkbox"]:focus + label:before,
+          #heading input[type="radio"]:focus + label:before {
+            border-color: #B3DC77;
+            box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #B3DC77; }
+          #heading ::-webkit-input-placeholder {
+            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) !important; }
+          #heading :-moz-placeholder {
+            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) !important; }
+          #heading ::-moz-placeholder {
+            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) !important; }
+          #heading :-ms-input-placeholder {
+            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) !important; }
+          #heading ul.alt li {
+            border-top-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #heading table tbody tr {
+            border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+            #heading table tbody tr:nth-child(2n + 1) {
+              background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.075); }
+          #heading table th {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #heading table thead {
+            border-bottom-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #heading table tfoot {
+            border-top-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #heading table.alt tbody tr td {
+            border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #heading .highlights .content {
+            background: #111111;
+            box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.025); }
+          #heading .testimonials .content {
+            background: #111111;
+            box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.025); }
+            #heading .testimonials .content .credit strong {
+              color: #B3DC77; }
+          #heading:before {
+            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #B3DC77 0%, #111111 74%);
+            content: ' ';
+            display: block;
+            height: 100%;
+            left: 0;
+            opacity: 0.6;
+            position: absolute;
+            top: 0;
+            width: 100%;
+            z-index: 1; }
+          #heading h1 {
+            margin-bottom: 0;
+            position: relative;
+            z-index: 2; }
+          @media screen and (max-width: 980px) {
+            #heading {
+              padding: 2rem; } }
+        /* Main */
+        #main .content {
+          background: #ffffff;
+          border-radius: 4px;
+          box-shadow: 0px 0px 4px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.025);
+          margin-bottom: 2rem;
+          padding: 3rem; }
+          @media screen and (max-width: 980px) {
+            #main .content {
+              padding: 2rem; } }
+          @media screen and (max-width: 480px) {
+            #main .content {
+              padding: 1.5rem; } }
+        /* Menu */
+        #menu {
+          background-color: #111111;
+          color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
+          -moz-transform: translateX(20rem);
+          -webkit-transform: translateX(20rem);
+          -ms-transform: translateX(20rem);
+          transform: translateX(20rem);
+          -moz-transition: -moz-transform 0.5s ease, box-shadow 0.5s ease, visibility 0.5s;
+          -webkit-transition: -webkit-transform 0.5s ease, box-shadow 0.5s ease, visibility 0.5s;
+          -ms-transition: -ms-transform 0.5s ease, box-shadow 0.5s ease, visibility 0.5s;
+          transition: transform 0.5s ease, box-shadow 0.5s ease, visibility 0.5s;
+          -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
+          box-shadow: none;
+          height: 100%;
+          max-width: 80%;
+          overflow-y: auto;
+          padding: 3rem 2rem;
+          position: fixed;
+          right: 0;
+          top: 0;
+          visibility: hidden;
+          width: 20rem;
+          z-index: 10002; }
+          #menu input, #menu select, #menu textarea {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #menu a {
+            color: #B3DC77; }
+          #menu strong, #menu b {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #menu h1, #menu h2, #menu h3, #menu h4, #menu h5, #menu h6 {
+            color: #ffffff; }
+          #menu blockquote {
+            border-left-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #menu code {
+            background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.075);
+            border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #menu hr {
+            border-bottom-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25); }
+          #menu input[type="submit"],
+          #menu input[type="reset"],
+          #menu input[type="button"],
+          #menu button,
+          #menu .button {
+            background-color: transparent;
+            box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px #ffffff;
+            color: #ffffff !important; }
+            #menu input[type="submit"]:hover,
+            #menu input[type="reset"]:hover,
+            #menu input[type="button"]:hover,
+            #menu button:hover,
+            #menu .button:hover {
+              box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px #B3DC77;
+              color: #B3DC77 !important; }
+              #menu input[type="submit"]:hover:active,
+              #menu input[type="reset"]:hover:active,
+              #menu input[type="button"]:hover:active,
+              #menu button:hover:active,
+              #menu .button:hover:active {
+                background-color: rgba(206, 27, 40, 0.25); }
+            #menu input[type="submit"].primary,
+            #menu input[type="reset"].primary,
+            #menu input[type="button"].primary,
+            #menu button.primary,
+            #menu .button.primary {
+              box-shadow: none;
+              background-color: #B3DC77;
+              color: #ffffff !important; }
+              #menu input[type="submit"].primary:hover,
+              #menu input[type="reset"].primary:hover,
+              #menu input[type="button"].primary:hover,
+              #menu button.primary:hover,
+              #menu .button.primary:hover {
+                background-color: #B3DC77;
+                box-shadow: none; }
+                #menu input[type="submit"].primary:hover:active,
+                #menu input[type="reset"].primary:hover:active,
+                #menu input[type="button"].primary:hover:active,
+                #menu button.primary:hover:active,
+                #menu .button.primary:hover:active {
+                  background-color: #02b31f; }
+          #menu > ul {
+            margin: 0 0 1rem 0; }
+            #menu > ul.links {
+              list-style: none;
+              padding: 0; }
+              #menu > ul.links > li {
+                padding: 0; }
+                #menu > ul.links > li > a {
+                  border: 0;
+                  border-top: solid 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
+                  color: inherit;
+                  display: block;
+                  line-height: 3.5rem;
+                  text-decoration: none; }
+                  #menu > ul.links > li > a:hover {
+                    color: #ffffff; }
+                #menu > ul.links > li:first-child > a {
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+				<h1>Mathematics and Modeling</h1>
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+						<h1 id="environmental-model">Environmental Model</h1>
+						<p>An important goal of our project is to determine whether the Linuron concentration in the vicinity of the root nodule is
+						significant enough to damage the Rhizosphere and inhibit nodule growth as plants continue to develop. </p>
+						<p>In order to model this, we introduce a diffusion-reaction-advection model, which is standard in environmental engineering. A byproduct of this model is that we are able to develop heuristics for the magnitude of Linuron and 3,4-DCA runoff. The model is derived from a similar model by <em>Owsianiak et al</em> [1] for Linuron degradation in bioaugmentation beads. Since this paper also modelled <em>Variovorax sp.</em> [4], we were able to obtain many of our parameters from this work of Owsiniak et al.</p>
+						<div class="centervideo">
+							<video class="centervideo" width="1000" height="500" controls><source src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/3/37/T--Waterloo--LinuronModelVideo.mp4"></video>
+						</div>
+						<hr>
+						<h2 id="introducing-the-model">Introducing the Model</h2>
+						<p> For completeness, we introduce this model from the ground up. First, we model diffusion through the soil with Fick&#39;s Laws of diffusion.</p>
+						<p>$$ C = [\textrm{Linuron}] $$</p>
+						<p>$$ D = \textrm{diag}(D_x,D_y,D_z) $$</p>
+						<p>$$ \nabla\cdot(D\nabla C) = \frac{\partial C}{\partial t} $$</p>
+						<p>The matrix D is called the diffusion matrix, which determines the speed of diffusion in different directions. Next, we add an advection term to model the transport of Linuron by water.</p>
+						<p>$$ \nabla \cdot (D\nabla C) - \vec{v}_e \cdot \nabla C = \frac{\partial C}{\partial t}$$</p>
+						<p>This advection term relies on the hydraulic head, which in our case is a measure of water pressure in the soil. However, water tends to flow around the root nodules, so Linuron transport is diffusion-dominated inside the nodule. Therefore we must use the Navier-Stokes equation in order to find the advection velocity. In order to model degradation, we couple this with our kinetic model to derive this coupled system of PDEs:</p>
+						<p>$$ \nabla \cdot (D\nabla C) - \vec{v}_e \cdot \nabla C = \frac{\partial C}{\partial t} + \chi_n \frac{V_{max}C}{K_m-C} $$</p>
+						<p>$$ \varrho \left( \frac{\partial v_e}{\partial t} - v_e \cdot \nabla v_e \right) = \nabla \cdot \sigma(v_e,p)+f $$
+						$$ \nabla \cdot v_e = 0 $$</p>
+						<h2 id="assumptions">Assumptions</h2>
+						<p>In the above model, we assumed an averaged rate of water intake - by necessity due to the complexity of the more realistic rain models. This assumption should produce a reasonable approximation since our timescale is on the order of weeks to months, whereas the rate of rainfall is on the order of days.</p>
+						<p>We also needed to verify that the rate of water transport into the nodule tissue is not limited by physiological factors such as membrane transport. In order to do this, we used the Octanol-Water partition coefficient in order to predict the rate of membrane transport using Overton&#39;s Rule [2]:</p>
+						<p>$$ P=\frac{K_{ow}D}{\ell} $$</p>
+						<p>By computing the rate of membrane transport, we concluded that the transport of Linuron into plant cells is not membrane-transport limited. In addition, we assume that the background degradation of Linuron by the same pathway is negligible compared to degradation by <em>Variovorax sp.</em> as found by Owsiniak et al..</p>
+						<h2 id="numerical-methods">Numerical Methods</h2>
+						<p>In order to solve this model we first convert the system into its variational form. The Navier-Stokes terms are solved by a midpoint discretization method called Chorin&#39;s Method, while the remainder is solved using the backwards Euler method. The following equations are obtained by integrating the above PDEs and applying integration by parts:</p>
+						<p>$$\int_\Omega \frac{\partial C}{\partial t} w d\tau = \int_\Omega \left[\nabla \cdot (D \nabla C)w - w v_e\cdot \nabla C - \frac{V_{max}C}{K_m-C}\right] d \tau =$$</p>
+						<p>$$\int_\Omega \left[(-\nabla C)^T D^T \nabla w -wv_e\cdot \nabla C - \frac{V_{max}C}{K_m-C}\right] d \tau + \int_{\partial \Omega} w( \nabla C)\cdot d \vec{s}$$</p>
+						<p>We now solve this system in Python using a library known as <em>FeNiCS</em> [3], which is an free, open-source library for solving PDEs with Finite Element Methods. Teams interested in using PDE solvers for their iGEM modelling should consider using FeNiCS as a great alternative to expensive proprietary software. Using <em>ParaView</em>, we export animations of our data from FeNiCS. We also used the Python library <em>meshio</em> to convert meshes generated by <em>Gmsh</em> into a format compatible with FeNiCS. As a note to future iGEM teams considering PDE transport models, your discretization must meet the Courant-Freidrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition in order to be stable.</p>
+												<h2>Results</h2>
+						<p>We now analyze a system of two root nodules, spaced 1 centimeter apart. In the soil we start with an initial supply of Linuron at 1e-10mol/cm^3 isolated just above the top nodule. The nodules are each 1 centimeter in radius and are assumed to be saturated with B. japonicum. Using the Puh-B Parameters specified in the next section, we arrive at the following result for the lower nodule</p>
+						<figure><center><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/9/98/T--Waterloo--EnvModelResult1.png" alt="results"></center></figure>
+<p>The following are videos of each of the concentrations over time:</p>
+<p><video class="centervideo" width="1000" height="500" controls><source src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/3/37/T--Waterloo--LinuronModelVideo.mp4"></video></p>
+<p><video class="centervideo" width="1000" height="500" controls><source src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/6/62/T--Waterloo--DCAModelVideo.mp4"></video></p>
+	<p><video class="centervideo" width="1000" height="500" controls><source src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/7/70/T--Waterloo--AcetylModelVideo.mp4"></video></p>
+<h2>Conclusions</h2>
+What we can draw from these results is that at the optimized NAT1 concentration the system is very stable, and that the 3,4-DCA concentration falls well below toxicity (see the MIC page). This tells us that implementing the system would not result in a significant pile-up of 3,4-DCA in the soil, which is important information for any future projects since it would aid the optimization of the system.
+						<h1 id="liba-nat1-pathway">LibA-NAT1 Pathway</h1>
+            <p> We were initially considering three enzymes for Linuron degradation into
+,4-DCA: LibA, PuhA, PuhB, and 2 enzymes for 3,4-DCA degradation: NAT1, NAT2.
+                From preliminary kinetic models, we determined that the use of NAT2 would result in an accumulation of 3,4-DCA that would almost certainly be toxic, and that a PuhA-NAT1 system
+                would not degrade Linuron into 3,4-DCAA at a rate fast enough to mitigate the
+                toxicity of Linuron. The dynamics of the PuhB-NAT1 and LibA-NAT1 systems under fs
+                our preliminary models were identical, and the LibA-NAT1 system was chosen. LibA facilitates the degradation of Liunuron into 3,4-DCA through the following reaction:</p>
+						<figure>
+							<center>
+								<img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/8/80/T--Waterloo--Chosenpathway_linurondegradation.png" alt="kinetic" style="width:90%;">
+							</center>
+						</figure>
+						<p>It is known that purified LibA is a monomeric linuron hydrolase of ∼55 kDa with a K<sub>m</sub> and a V<sub>max</sub> for linuron of 5.8 μM and 0.16 nmol per minute for <it>Variovorax sp.</it> with an unknown enzyme concentration [4]. </p>
+						<p>The second step in the reaction involving NAT1 is characterized in Rodrigues-Lima [5]. The rate for 3,4-dichloroaniline degradation with NAT1 is determined to be 68 &plusmn 8 nmol. per min. per mg. of enzyme.</p>
+            <p>We assume that the LibA concentration and the NAT1 concentration are equal since they are placed under the same promoter in our system. This choice was done strictly due to time constraints, and our models did suggest that placing LibA and NAT1 under different promoters would result in a more effective system. In order to mitigate the problems of using just a K<sub>m</sub> value for LibA (since none of the Michaelis-Menton parameters have been found), which would be a blatant disregard for enzyme concentration, we decided to use the K<sub>cat</sub> from PuhB since its structure and function are very similar to NAT1.</p>
+						<h2 id="computations">Computations</h2>
+						<p>We use Julia and the DiffEqBiological.jl package in order to determine the dynamics of our reaction network. Under standard assumptions in biochemical modelling, we reduce our model to the following set of equations for our system with no influx of Linuron:</p>
+            $$\frac{d[\text{Linuron}]}{dt} = - \frac{V_\max^{\text{Lin}} \cdot [\text{Linuron}]}{K_m^{\text{Lin}} + [\text{Linuron}]} [\text{Linuron}],$$
+            $$\frac{d[\text{3,4-DCA}]}{dt} = - \frac{V_\max^{\text{DCA}} \cdot [\text{3,4-DCA}]}{K_m^{\text{DCA}} + [\text{3,4-DCA}]} [\text{3,4-DCA}] - k_{\text{DCA}}[\text{3,4-DCA}],$$
+            $$\frac{d[\text{DCAA}]}{dt} =  k_{\text{DCAA}}[\text{DCAA}],$$
+            <p> where DCAA is dichloroacetanilide, which is what NAT1 degrades 3,4-DCA into. In the case of with influx, the only difference is an influx term in the first equation. With 300 pmol of LibA and NAT1, as well as 600 nmol of Linuron, we see that
+				<figure><center><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/a/a1/T--Waterloo--no-influx.svg" alt="svg"></center></figure>
+            <p> where X is the Linuron concentration, Y is the 3,4-DCA concentration, and Z is the 3,4-DCAA concentration.
+            <p> Under a high influx of Linuron, we see that </p>
+						<figure><center><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/b/b5/T--Waterloo--influx.svg" alt="svg"></center></figure>
+            which implies that LibA can mitigate the detrimental effects of high concentrations of Linuron in the soil, but there is a predicted very large accumulation of 3,4-DCA which is known to be detrimental to the cell. However, if we place LibA and NAT1 under different promoters, we see that the behaviour changes drastically if the NAT1 concentration is assumed to be 3 orders of magnitude higher than the concentration of LibA without influx:
+						<figure><center><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/e/e5/T--Waterloo--no-influx-optimal.svg" alt="svg"></center></figure>
+            <p> and with influx: </p>
+						<figure><center><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/8/83/T--Waterloo--influx-optimal.svg" alt="svg"></center></figure>
+						<h2 id="conclusions">Conclusions</h2>
+            <p> Under reasonable amounts of uncertainty in our model, the dynamics of our system were not drastically different. From our model, we determined that in order to engineer a system for the real world, we would need to place LibA and NAT1 under different promoters, ideally with NAT1 under a relatively strong promoter when compared to LibA. In addition, we can conclude that the LibA-NAT1 system could be engineered to degrade Linuron into 3,4-dichloroacetanilide under a wide range of thresholds for toxic concentrations of Linuron and 3,4-DCA. Under the above assumptions of our system, we have demonstrated that a LibA-NAT1 system can efficiently and effectively reduce Linuron concentration in the soil while preserving the rhizosphere. Although we know the ratio of NAT1 and LibA that is required to maintain a strong culture of rhizobia, we were unable to engineer it due to the complexity of the construction.
+						<h3>References</h3>
+						<ul>
+						<li>[1] Owsianiak, M., Dechesne, A., Binning, P. J., Chambon, J. C., Sørensen, S. R., &amp; Smets, B. F. (2010). Evaluation of Bioaugmentation with Entrapped Degrading Cells as a Soil Remediation Technology. Environmental Science &amp; Technology, 44(19), 7622–7627. doi: 10.1021/es101160u</li>
+						<li>[2] Grime, J. M. A., Edwards, M. A., Rudd, N. C., &amp; Unwin, P. R. (2008). Quantitative visualization of passive transport across bilayer lipid membranes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(38), 14277–14282. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0803720105</li>
+						<li>[3] Zakharov, P. E. (2018). The FEniCS project. Spark. doi: 10.1515/spark.18.13</li>
+						<li>[4] Bers, K., Leroy, B., Breugelmans, P., Albers, P., Lavigne, R., Sørensen, S. R., ... Springael, D. (2011). A Novel Hydrolase Identified by Genomic-Proteomic Analysis of Phenylurea Herbicide Mineralization by Variovorax sp. Strain SRS16. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 77(24), 8754–8764. doi: 10.1128/aem.06162-11</li>
+						<li>[5] Rodrigues-Lima, Fernando & Dairou, Julien & Diaz, Clara & Rubio, Maria & Sim, Edith & Spaink, Herman & Dupret, Jean-Marie. (2006). Cloning, functional expression and characterization of Mesorhizobium loti arylamine N-acetyltransferases: Rhizobial symbiosis supplies leguminous plants with the xenobiotic N-acetylation pathway. Molecular microbiology. 60. 505-12. 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05114.x. </li>
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-<p>Mathematical models and computer simulations provide a great way to describe the function and operation of BioBrick Parts and Devices. Synthetic Biology is an engineering discipline, and part of engineering is simulation and modeling to determine the behavior of your design before you build it. Designing and simulating can be iterated many times in a computer before moving to the lab. This award is for teams who build a model of their system and use it to inform system design or simulate expected behavior in conjunction with experiments in the wetlab.</p>
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-Here are a few examples from previous teams:
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li><a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:GreatBay_China/Model">2018 GreatBay China</a></li>
-<li><a href="https://2018.igem.org/Team:Leiden/Model">2018 Leiden</a></li>
-<li><a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:Manchester/Model">2016 Manchester</a></li>
-<li><a href="https://2016.igem.org/Team:TU_Delft/Model">2016 TU Delft</li>
-<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:ETH_Zurich/modeling/overview">2014 ETH Zurich</a></li>
-<li><a href="https://2014.igem.org/Team:Waterloo/Math_Book">2014 Waterloo</a></li>
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Difference between revisions of "Team:Waterloo/Model"

Latest revision as of 22:48, 21 October 2019

Mathematics and Modeling

Environmental Model

Introducing the Model

Assumptions

Numerical Methods

Results

Conclusions

LibA-NAT1 Pathway

Computations

Conclusions

References