Difference between revisions of "Team:HK SSC/Description"

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{{HK_SSC}}
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  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
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  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
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  <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
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  Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
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  Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
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  <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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  Name="Unresolved Mention"/>
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  <w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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  Name="Smart Link"/>
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</w:LatentStyles>
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mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
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mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
font-variant:small-caps;
+
letter-spacing:.25pt;
+
mso-font-kerning:0pt;
+
font-weight:normal;}
+
h2
+
{mso-style-noshow:yes;
+
mso-style-priority:9;
+
mso-style-qformat:yes;
+
mso-style-link:"Heading 2 Char";
+
mso-style-next:Normal;
+
margin-top:12.0pt;
+
margin-right:0cm;
+
margin-bottom:4.0pt;
+
margin-left:0cm;
+
line-height:115%;
+
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
+
mso-outline-level:2;
+
font-size:14.0pt;
+
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
+
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
font-variant:small-caps;
+
letter-spacing:.25pt;
+
font-weight:normal;}
+
h3
+
{mso-style-noshow:yes;
+
mso-style-priority:9;
+
mso-style-qformat:yes;
+
mso-style-link:"Heading 3 Char";
+
mso-style-next:Normal;
+
margin:0cm;
+
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
+
line-height:115%;
+
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
+
mso-outline-level:3;
+
font-size:12.0pt;
+
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
+
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
font-variant:small-caps;
+
letter-spacing:.25pt;
+
font-weight:normal;}
+
h4
+
{mso-style-noshow:yes;
+
mso-style-priority:9;
+
mso-style-qformat:yes;
+
mso-style-link:"Heading 4 Char";
+
mso-style-next:Normal;
+
margin-top:12.0pt;
+
margin-right:0cm;
+
margin-bottom:0cm;
+
margin-left:0cm;
+
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
+
line-height:115%;
+
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
+
mso-outline-level:4;
+
font-size:11.0pt;
+
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
+
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
font-variant:small-caps;
+
letter-spacing:.5pt;
+
font-weight:normal;}
+
h5
+
{mso-style-noshow:yes;
+
mso-style-priority:9;
+
mso-style-qformat:yes;
+
mso-style-link:"Heading 5 Char";
+
mso-style-next:Normal;
+
margin-top:10.0pt;
+
margin-right:0cm;
+
margin-bottom:0cm;
+
margin-left:0cm;
+
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
+
line-height:115%;
+
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
+
mso-outline-level:5;
+
font-size:11.0pt;
+
mso-bidi-font-size:13.0pt;
+
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
+
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
font-variant:small-caps;
+
color:#C45911;
+
mso-themecolor:accent2;
+
mso-themeshade:191;
+
letter-spacing:.5pt;
+
font-weight:normal;}
+
h6
+
{mso-style-noshow:yes;
+
mso-style-priority:9;
+
mso-style-qformat:yes;
+
mso-style-link:"Heading 6 Char";
+
mso-style-next:Normal;
+
margin:0cm;
+
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
+
line-height:115%;
+
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
+
mso-outline-level:6;
+
font-size:11.0pt;
+
mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;
+
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
+
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
font-variant:small-caps;
+
color:#ED7D31;
+
mso-themecolor:accent2;
+
letter-spacing:.25pt;
+
font-weight:normal;}
+
p.MsoHeading7, li.MsoHeading7, div.MsoHeading7
+
{mso-style-noshow:yes;
+
mso-style-priority:9;
+
mso-style-qformat:yes;
+
mso-style-link:"Heading 7 Char";
+
mso-style-next:Normal;
+
margin:0cm;
+
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
+
line-height:115%;
+
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
+
mso-outline-level:7;
+
font-size:10.0pt;
+
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
+
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-fareast-font-family:PMingLiU;
+
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
+
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
+
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
+
font-variant:small-caps;
+
color:#ED7D31;
+
mso-themecolor:accent2;
+
letter-spacing:.5pt;
+
font-weight:bold;
+
mso-bidi-font-weight:normal;}
+
p.MsoHeading8, li.MsoHeading8, div.MsoHeading8
+
{mso-style-noshow:yes;
+
mso-style-priority:9;
+
mso-style-qformat:yes;
+
mso-style-link:"Heading 8 Char";
+
mso-style-next:Normal;
+
margin:0cm;
+
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
+
line-height:115%;
+
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
+
mso-outline-level:8;
+
font-size:10.0pt;
+
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
+
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-fareast-font-family:PMingLiU;
+
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
+
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
+
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
+
font-variant:small-caps;
+
color:#C45911;
+
mso-themecolor:accent2;
+
mso-themeshade:191;
+
font-weight:bold;
+
mso-bidi-font-weight:normal;
+
font-style:italic;
+
mso-bidi-font-style:normal;}
+
p.MsoHeading9, li.MsoHeading9, div.MsoHeading9
+
{mso-style-noshow:yes;
+
mso-style-priority:9;
+
mso-style-qformat:yes;
+
mso-style-link:"Heading 9 Char";
+
mso-style-next:Normal;
+
margin:0cm;
+
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
+
line-height:115%;
+
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
+
mso-outline-level:9;
+
font-size:10.0pt;
+
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
+
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-fareast-font-family:PMingLiU;
+
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
+
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
+
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
+
font-variant:small-caps;
+
color:#823B0B;
+
mso-themecolor:accent2;
+
mso-themeshade:127;
+
font-weight:bold;
+
mso-bidi-font-weight:normal;
+
font-style:italic;
+
mso-bidi-font-style:normal;}
+
p.MsoHeader, li.MsoHeader, div.MsoHeader
+
{mso-style-priority:99;
+
mso-style-link:"Header Char";
+
margin-top:0cm;
+
margin-right:0cm;
+
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
+
margin-left:0cm;
+
text-align:justify;
+
text-justify:inter-ideograph;
+
line-height:115%;
+
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
+
tab-stops:center 234.0pt right 468.0pt;
+
font-size:10.0pt;
+
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
+
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-fareast-font-family:PMingLiU;
+
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
+
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
+
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
+
p.MsoFooter, li.MsoFooter, div.MsoFooter
+
{mso-style-priority:99;
+
mso-style-link:"Footer Char";
+
margin-top:0cm;
+
margin-right:0cm;
+
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
+
margin-left:0cm;
+
text-align:justify;
+
text-justify:inter-ideograph;
+
line-height:115%;
+
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
+
tab-stops:center 234.0pt right 468.0pt;
+
font-size:10.0pt;
+
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
+
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-fareast-font-family:PMingLiU;
+
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
+
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
+
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
+
p.MsoCaption, li.MsoCaption, div.MsoCaption
+
{mso-style-noshow:yes;
+
mso-style-priority:35;
+
mso-style-qformat:yes;
+
mso-style-next:Normal;
+
margin-top:0cm;
+
margin-right:0cm;
+
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
+
margin-left:0cm;
+
text-align:justify;
+
text-justify:inter-ideograph;
+
line-height:115%;
+
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
+
font-size:8.0pt;
+
mso-bidi-font-size:9.0pt;
+
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
+
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-fareast-font-family:PMingLiU;
+
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
+
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
+
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
+
text-transform:uppercase;
+
font-weight:bold;}
+
p.MsoTitle, li.MsoTitle, div.MsoTitle
+
{mso-style-priority:10;
+
mso-style-unhide:no;
+
mso-style-qformat:yes;
+
mso-style-link:"Title Char";
+
mso-style-next:Normal;
+
margin-top:0cm;
+
margin-right:0cm;
+
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
+
margin-left:0cm;
+
text-align:right;
+
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
+
border:none;
+
mso-border-top-alt:solid #ED7D31 1.5pt;
+
mso-border-top-themecolor:accent2;
+
padding:0cm;
+
mso-padding-alt:1.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;
+
font-size:24.0pt;
+
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
+
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-fareast-font-family:PMingLiU;
+
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
+
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
+
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
+
font-variant:small-caps;}
+
p.MsoSubtitle, li.MsoSubtitle, div.MsoSubtitle
+
{mso-style-priority:11;
+
mso-style-unhide:no;
+
mso-style-qformat:yes;
+
mso-style-link:"Subtitle Char";
+
mso-style-next:Normal;
+
margin-top:0cm;
+
margin-right:0cm;
+
margin-bottom:36.0pt;
+
margin-left:0cm;
+
text-align:right;
+
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
+
font-size:10.0pt;
+
mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;
+
font-family:"Calibri Light",sans-serif;
+
mso-ascii-font-family:"Calibri Light";
+
mso-ascii-theme-font:major-latin;
+
mso-fareast-font-family:PMingLiU;
+
mso-fareast-theme-font:major-fareast;
+
mso-hansi-font-family:"Calibri Light";
+
mso-hansi-theme-font:major-latin;
+
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
+
mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;}
+
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
+
{mso-style-noshow:yes;
+
mso-style-priority:99;
+
color:blue;
+
text-decoration:underline;
+
text-underline:single;}
+
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
+
{mso-style-noshow:yes;
+
mso-style-priority:99;
+
color:#954F72;
+
mso-themecolor:followedhyperlink;
+
text-decoration:underline;
+
text-underline:single;}
+
strong
+
{mso-style-priority:22;
+
mso-style-unhide:no;
+
mso-style-qformat:yes;
+
mso-style-parent:"";
+
color:#ED7D31;
+
mso-themecolor:accent2;
+
mso-bidi-font-weight:normal;}
+
em
+
{mso-style-priority:20;
+
mso-style-unhide:no;
+
mso-style-qformat:yes;
+
mso-style-parent:"";
+
letter-spacing:.5pt;
+
font-weight:bold;
+
mso-bidi-font-weight:normal;
+
mso-bidi-font-style:normal;}
+
p.MsoNoSpacing, li.MsoNoSpacing, div.MsoNoSpacing
+
{mso-style-priority:1;
+
mso-style-unhide:no;
+
mso-style-qformat:yes;
+
mso-style-link:"No Spacing Char";
+
margin:0cm;
+
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
+
text-align:justify;
+
text-justify:inter-ideograph;
+
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
+
font-size:10.0pt;
+
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
+
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-fareast-font-family:PMingLiU;
+
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
+
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
+
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
+
p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph
+
{mso-style-priority:34;
+
mso-style-unhide:no;
+
mso-style-qformat:yes;
+
margin-top:0cm;
+
margin-right:0cm;
+
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
+
margin-left:36.0pt;
+
mso-add-space:auto;
+
text-align:justify;
+
text-justify:inter-ideograph;
+
line-height:115%;
+
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
+
font-size:10.0pt;
+
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
+
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-fareast-font-family:PMingLiU;
+
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
+
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
+
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
+
p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst
+
{mso-style-priority:34;
+
mso-style-unhide:no;
+
mso-style-qformat:yes;
+
mso-style-type:export-only;
+
margin-top:0cm;
+
margin-right:0cm;
+
margin-bottom:0cm;
+
margin-left:36.0pt;
+
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
+
mso-add-space:auto;
+
text-align:justify;
+
text-justify:inter-ideograph;
+
line-height:115%;
+
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
+
font-size:10.0pt;
+
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
+
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-fareast-font-family:PMingLiU;
+
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
+
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
+
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
+
p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle
+
{mso-style-priority:34;
+
mso-style-unhide:no;
+
mso-style-qformat:yes;
+
mso-style-type:export-only;
+
margin-top:0cm;
+
margin-right:0cm;
+
margin-bottom:0cm;
+
margin-left:36.0pt;
+
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
+
mso-add-space:auto;
+
text-align:justify;
+
text-justify:inter-ideograph;
+
line-height:115%;
+
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
+
font-size:10.0pt;
+
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
+
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-fareast-font-family:PMingLiU;
+
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
+
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
+
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
+
p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast
+
{mso-style-priority:34;
+
mso-style-unhide:no;
+
mso-style-qformat:yes;
+
mso-style-type:export-only;
+
margin-top:0cm;
+
margin-right:0cm;
+
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
+
margin-left:36.0pt;
+
mso-add-space:auto;
+
text-align:justify;
+
text-justify:inter-ideograph;
+
line-height:115%;
+
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
+
font-size:10.0pt;
+
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
+
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-fareast-font-family:PMingLiU;
+
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
+
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
+
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
+
p.MsoQuote, li.MsoQuote, div.MsoQuote
+
{mso-style-priority:29;
+
mso-style-unhide:no;
+
mso-style-qformat:yes;
+
mso-style-link:"Quote Char";
+
mso-style-next:Normal;
+
margin-top:0cm;
+
margin-right:0cm;
+
margin-bottom:10.0pt;
+
margin-left:0cm;
+
text-align:justify;
+
text-justify:inter-ideograph;
+
line-height:115%;
+
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
+
font-size:10.0pt;
+
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
+
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-fareast-font-family:PMingLiU;
+
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
+
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
+
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
+
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
+
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
+
font-style:italic;
+
mso-bidi-font-style:normal;}
+
p.MsoIntenseQuote, li.MsoIntenseQuote, div.MsoIntenseQuote
+
{mso-style-priority:30;
+
mso-style-unhide:no;
+
mso-style-qformat:yes;
+
mso-style-link:"Intense Quote Char";
+
mso-style-next:Normal;
+
margin-top:7.0pt;
+
margin-right:72.0pt;
+
margin-bottom:7.0pt;
+
margin-left:72.0pt;
+
text-align:justify;
+
text-justify:inter-ideograph;
+
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<body bgcolor="#FFF2CC" lang=EN-HK link=blue vlink="#954F72" style='tab-interval:
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span class="SpellE"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US">iGEM</span></b></span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language:EN-US"> 2019 description<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
36.0pt'>
+
  
<div class=WordSection1>
+
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language:
 +
EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
  
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;line-height:150%'><span
+
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language:
class=SpellE><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:24.0pt;line-height:150%;
+
EN-US">Microcystis aeruginosa is one of the highly deleterious freshwater
font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>iGEM</span></span><span
+
cyanobacteria; it is well-known for causing harmful algae blooms in rivers and
lang=EN-US style='font-size:24.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
+
lakes. These algae blooms produce a large number of <span class="SpellE">microcystins</span>
mso-ansi-language:EN-US'> 2019 Project Description<o:p></o:p></span></p>
+
and neurotoxins, which potentially leads to death of fish and human as well as
 +
contamination of fresh water. However, M. aeruginosa also poses ecological
 +
value in oxygen synthesis and absorption in heavy metal.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
+
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language:
"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
  
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language:
"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Microcystis aeruginosa is one of
+
EN-US">We can see how these cyanobacteria have such a significant impact on the
the highly deleterious freshwater cyanobacteria; it is well-known for causing
+
aquatic system which could subject to adverse impacts on the aquatic ecosystem
harmful algae blooms in rivers and lakes. These algae blooms produce a large
+
as a whole. Take Lake <span class="SpellE">Taihu</span> as an example; the algae
number of <span class=SpellE>microcystins</span> and neurotoxins, which
+
blooms are a serious threat to drinking water supplies and agriculture
potentially leads to death of fish and human as well as contamination of fresh
+
supplies. Chinese ecologists and marine biologists describe the lake as the
water. However, M. aeruginosa also poses ecological value in oxygen synthesis
+
smell of decaying fish. In the United States, such harmful cyanobacterial algae
and absorption in heavy metal.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
+
blooms have inflicted around 2 billion USD a year in losses as the water is
 +
unfit for drinking, recreation and agriculture.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
  
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
+
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language:
"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
+
EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
  
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
+
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language:
"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>We can see how these cyanobacteria
+
EN-US">Through investigation on the cause of algae blooms, we found out that
have such a significant impact on the aquatic system which could subject to
+
farmland and factories are usually built next to rivers and lakes, as water is
adverse impacts on the aquatic ecosystem as a whole. Take Lake <span
+
vital for both agriculture and industrial uses. Since chemical fertilizers and
class=SpellE>Taihu</span> as an example; the algae blooms are a serious threat
+
sewage all contain nitrates and phosphates, this catalyzes the reproduction of
to drinking water supplies and agriculture supplies. Chinese ecologists and
+
cyanobacteria such as Microcystis Aeruginosa. However, we realized that
marine biologists describe the lake as the smell of decaying fish. In the
+
limiting the use of fertilizers and the amount of sewage released from
United States, such harmful cyanobacterial algae blooms have inflicted around 2
+
factories are impractical because this would affect the efficiency of
billion USD a year in losses as the water is unfit for drinking, recreation and
+
production.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
agriculture.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
+
  
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
+
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language:
"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
+
EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
  
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
+
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language:
"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Through investigation on the cause
+
EN-US">Therefore, instead of limiting the use of such fertilizers, our project
of algae blooms, we found out that farmland and factories are usually built
+
not only aims to mutate M. aeruginosa through modifying its toxin-producing
next to rivers and lakes, as water is vital for both agriculture and industrial
+
gene but also aims to characterize the cyanobacteria’s ability to absorb heavy
uses. Since chemical fertilizers and sewage all contain nitrates and
+
metal. Dcas9 is transformed into and co-expressed in the toxin-producing gene
phosphates, this catalyzes the reproduction of cyanobacteria such as
+
in Microcystis aeruginosa. As dcas9 serves the purpose to block transcription,
Microcystis Aeruginosa. However, we realized that limiting the use of
+
the transcription of the toxin-producing gene cannot be carried out. Hence the
fertilizers and the amount of sewage released from factories are impractical
+
toxin-producing ability of M. aeruginosa is eliminated.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
because this would affect the efficiency of production.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
+
  
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
+
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language:
"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
+
EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
  
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
+
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>Therefore, instead of limiting the
+
use of such fertilizers, our project not only aims to mutate M. aeruginosa
+
through modifying its toxin-producing gene but also aims to characterize the
+
cyanobacteria’s ability to absorb heavy metal. Dcas9 is transformed into and
+
co-expressed in the toxin-producing gene in Microcystis aeruginosa. As dcas9
+
serves the purpose to block transcription, the transcription of the
+
toxin-producing gene cannot be carried out. Hence the toxin-producing ability
+
of M. aeruginosa is eliminated.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
+
  
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
+
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
"Arial",sans-serif;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
+
  
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:
+
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
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</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=131 height=135
+
src="iGEM%202019%20inspiration.fld/image001.png"
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alt="A picture containing text&#10;&#10;Description automatically generated"
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v:shapes="Picture_x0020_34"><![endif]></span><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
+
  
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
+
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
  
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
+
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%">Bibliography:</p>
  
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
+
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
 +
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><a href="https://e360.yale.edu/features/on_lake_taihu_china_moves_to_battle_massive_algae_blooms">https://e360.yale.edu/features/on_lake_taihu_china_moves_to_battle_massive_algae_blooms</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
  
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Bibliography:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
+
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
  
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
+
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Arial",sans-serif'><a
+
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11783-008-0062-4">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11783-008-0062-4</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
href="https://e360.yale.edu/features/on_lake_taihu_china_moves_to_battle_massive_algae_blooms"><span
+
style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>https://e360.yale.edu/features/on_lake_taihu_china_moves_to_battle_massive_algae_blooms</span></a></span><span
+
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
+
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
+
  
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
+
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
line-height:150%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
+
  
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
+
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Arial",sans-serif'><a
+
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3229228/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3229228/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11783-008-0062-4"><span
+
style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11783-008-0062-4</span></a></span><span
+
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
+
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
+
  
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-size:12.0pt;
+
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
line-height:150%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
+
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
  
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
+
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Arial",sans-serif'><a
+
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15533019">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15533019</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3229228/"><span
+
style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3229228/</span></a></span><span
+
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
+
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
+
  
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
+
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
+
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
  
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
+
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Arial",sans-serif'><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15533019"><span
+
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28862419">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28862419</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15533019</span></a></span><span
+
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
+
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
+
  
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
+
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
+
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
  
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
+
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
"Arial",sans-serif'><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28862419"><span
+
style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28862419</span></a></span><span
+
style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
+
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
+
  
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:
+
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:150%"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language:
"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
+
EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
  
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:150%'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
+
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Revision as of 06:18, 25 June 2019

iGEM 2019 description

 

Microcystis aeruginosa is one of the highly deleterious freshwater cyanobacteria; it is well-known for causing harmful algae blooms in rivers and lakes. These algae blooms produce a large number of microcystins and neurotoxins, which potentially leads to death of fish and human as well as contamination of fresh water. However, M. aeruginosa also poses ecological value in oxygen synthesis and absorption in heavy metal.

 

We can see how these cyanobacteria have such a significant impact on the aquatic system which could subject to adverse impacts on the aquatic ecosystem as a whole. Take Lake Taihu as an example; the algae blooms are a serious threat to drinking water supplies and agriculture supplies. Chinese ecologists and marine biologists describe the lake as the smell of decaying fish. In the United States, such harmful cyanobacterial algae blooms have inflicted around 2 billion USD a year in losses as the water is unfit for drinking, recreation and agriculture.

 

Through investigation on the cause of algae blooms, we found out that farmland and factories are usually built next to rivers and lakes, as water is vital for both agriculture and industrial uses. Since chemical fertilizers and sewage all contain nitrates and phosphates, this catalyzes the reproduction of cyanobacteria such as Microcystis Aeruginosa. However, we realized that limiting the use of fertilizers and the amount of sewage released from factories are impractical because this would affect the efficiency of production.

 

Therefore, instead of limiting the use of such fertilizers, our project not only aims to mutate M. aeruginosa through modifying its toxin-producing gene but also aims to characterize the cyanobacteria’s ability to absorb heavy metal. Dcas9 is transformed into and co-expressed in the toxin-producing gene in Microcystis aeruginosa. As dcas9 serves the purpose to block transcription, the transcription of the toxin-producing gene cannot be carried out. Hence the toxin-producing ability of M. aeruginosa is eliminated.

 

 

 

 

 

Bibliography:

https://e360.yale.edu/features/on_lake_taihu_china_moves_to_battle_massive_algae_blooms

 

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11783-008-0062-4

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3229228/

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15533019

 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28862419