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Difference between revisions of "Team:Tuebingen/einweiterer"

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     <h1 style="font-family: 'Righteous', cursive; font-weight: normal; color:#2ecc71;">Nissle</h1>
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     <h1 style="font-family: 'Righteous', cursive; font-weight: normal; color:#2ecc71;">Notebook</h1>
 
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        <h2 style="font-family:'Righteous'; color:#2ecc71;">Introduction</h2>
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                    Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is probably the most intensively investigated bacterial strain
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                    today[1]. Despite the fact that the EcN strain is widely used as a probiotic, a lot of questions
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                    remain. That is why we decided to dive deep into the characterization of EcN. Our goal was to find
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          Week 1 (08 Jul - 12 Jul)
                    out more about EcN itself and to provide crucial information in order to include EcN as platform
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                    organism for other iGEM Teams and researchers.
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            <h2 style="font-family:'Righteous'; color:#2ecc71;">Growth Curves</h2>
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              08 Jakob, Patrick, Eva After moving into our new lab and settling in, first practical
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              steps like aliquoting our primers or preparing LB-Medium and LB-Agar were taken.
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              09 Jakob, Patrick, Eva We amplified Cas 3 out of E.Coli gDNA via PCR (Q5 Polymerase)
                    <p>
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              and transformed the biobricks BBa_K608351 (K2), BBa_K091001 (K5), BBa_I13453 (K10),
                        The first step in the characterization of a bacterium are growth curves on different media and
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              BBa_K584000 (AraC Promotor), BBa_K117008 (LsrR Promotor), BBa_R0073 (Mnt Promotor) in
                        under different conditions. We chose to perform half of our experiments under aerobic and the
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              competent E. Coli DH5-alpha (NEB iGEM Kit). 10 Eva, Patrick We amplified Cascade out of
                        other half under anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic conditions, as a control we let EcN grow in
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              E.Coli MG1655 gDNA via PCR (Q5 Polymerase) and checked the Cas 3 and Cascade PCRs via agarose
                        LB medium at 37°C and pH7. We changed the temperature to 25°C, 8°C, 4°C and 0°C, showing that
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              gel electrophoresis. (figure 1) We picked colonies for all but the Ba_K608351 (K2)
                        EcN growth is inhibited at 8°C, the temperature often used for cold shock.
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              transformations (no growth) for inoculating overnight cultures and made a new batch of
                    </p>
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              competent E.Coli Dh-5α cells. 11 Jakob, Eva, Patrick By Miniprep (Qiagen) we extracted the
 
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              DNA of the overnight cultures. Amplification via PCR (Q5 Polymerase) of Cascade was repeated
                    <figure>
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              (figure 2). BBa_K608351 (K2) was transformed again and the competent cells tested.
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          </p>
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          <figure>
 
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                           href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/b/b5/T--Tuebingen--pH7-diff-Temp-white.png"
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                           href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/a/a8/T--Tuebingen--Gel1.png"
 
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                             <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/b/b5/T--Tuebingen--pH7-diff-Temp-white.png"
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                             <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/a/a8/T--Tuebingen--Gel1.png"
 
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                        <figcaption style="font-size: small; color: #F4F0DE">Fig. 1: EcN growth in LB medium at pH7. All cultures were
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                    <figcaption style="color: #F4F0DE; font-size: small;">Figure 1. 17/10/19 Gelelctrophoresis of Cas 3 and Cascade PCR. Gel loaded (from left to right):
                            inoculated with an overnight culture and grown for 120 minutes at 37°C. Next, temperature was
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                        Ladder 1kb, Cas 3 (72°C), Cas 3 (68°C), H2O, Cascade (72°C), Cascade (68°C), H2O. It shows positive
                            changed to 0°C, 4°C, 8°C and 25°C, while one control was kept at 37°C.
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                        PCR of Cas 3 (68°C), expected at ~2.7 kb.</figcaption>
                            Shown are mean values of triplicates.</figcaption>
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          </figure>
                    </figure>
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          <figure>
 
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                    <p>
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                        Moreover, we evaluated the growth in the pH range from pH6 to pH1, since in our application EcN
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                        will have to pass the acidity of the stomach. Here, at pH4 we discovered an interesting recovery
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                        of EcN growth after three hours.
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                    </p>
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                    <figure>
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                         <a style="font-size: small"
 
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                           href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/c/cf/T--Tuebingen--37-diff-pH-white.png"
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                           href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/2/2a/T--Tuebingen--Gel2.png"
 
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                             <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/2/2a/T--Tuebingen--Gel2.png"
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                    <figcaption style="color: #F4F0DE; font-size: small;">Figure 2. 07/11/19 Gelelctrophoresis of Cascade PCR. Gel loaded (from left to right):
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                        Ladder 1kb, Cascade (68°C), Cascade (64°C). It shows positive PCR of Cas 3 (68°C), expected at ~4.4 kb.</figcaption>
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          Week 2 (15 Jul - 19 Jul)
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              15 Jakob Patrick Eva Luzi The biobricks were transformed again. Cascade and Cas 3 PCR products were
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              sent off for Sanger sequencing.
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              16 Patrick, Eva Since there repeatedly weren’t any colonies for BBa_K608351 (K2), we transformed it
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              in provided NovaBlue™ competent cells. Overnight cultures of the other biobricks as well as an
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              overnight culture of E.Coli Nissle were inoculated. 17 Eva Patrick Katharina Glycerol
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              stocks of the overnight cultures were prepared. Competent E. Coli Nissle cells were produced and
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              the growth of E. Coli Nissle was analysed preliminarily. After Miniprep (Qiagen) of BBa_K516030 (RFP)
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              a PCR (Pfu Polymerase) was run. After digestion of the PCR products Cas 3 and Cascade as well as the
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              plasmid BBa_I13453 (K10), K10_Cascade and K10_Cas3 were ligated. 18 Eva Patrick The K10_Cascade and
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              K10_Cas3 ligations were digested (single) and analysed by gel electrophoresis, together with the RFP
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              PCR product (figure 3). The gel did not show a result for K10_Cascade and K10_Cas3. RFP (PCR Product)
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              and BBa_R0073 (Mnt Promotor) were digested and ligated. 19 Eva Patrick Digestion and Ligation of Cascade,
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              Cas3 and K10 were repeated with increased amounts of DNA. K10_Cascade, K10_Cas3 and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP
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              were transformed.
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          </p>
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          <figure>
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                        <a style="font-size: small"
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                          href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/3/30/T--Tuebingen--Gel3.png"
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                            <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/3/30/T--Tuebingen--Gel3.png"
 
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                        <figcaption style="font-size: small; color: #F4F0DE">Fig. 2: EcN growth curve in LB at 37°C under
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                    <figcaption style="color: #F4F0DE; font-size: small;">Figure 3. 07/18/19 Gelelctrophoresis of
                            different pH levels. Until 120min all cultures inoculated from one overnight culture grew at pH7.
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                        RFP PCR, digests of K10_Cascade and K10_Cas3. Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1 kb,
                            Then, media was changed to the respective pH and cultures were grown for 3 hours. pH5 and pH6
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                        RFP 1, RFP 2, RFP 3, K10_Cas3 (no heat inact.), K10_Cas3, K10_Cascade, Ladder 1 kb. It shows
                            grew as usual, pH1,2,3 did not grow at all, while pH4 started to grow after 3 hours. Thus,
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                        positive PCR of RFP, expected at ~890 bp. No result for digestions.</figcaption>
                            media was changed again after 3 hours to pH7. pH6 and pH5 grew as usual, pH1,2,3 did not
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          </figure>
                            recover. Cultures grown in pH4 recovered and grew as usual. Shown are values of one culture
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      </div>
                            for each pH.</figcaption>
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          Week 3 (22 Jul - 26 Jul)
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              23 Eva Jakob Patrick Preparation of LB-Medium, LB-Agar and Chloramphenicol plates. Overnight cultures
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              for K10_Cascade, K10_Cas3 and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP colonies were inoculated. After double digestion of
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              BBa_K584000 (AraC Promotor), BBa_K117008 (LsrR Promotor), the fragments pAraC and pLsrR were extracted
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              from the gel. 24 Eva Patrick After Miniprep of K10_Cascade, K10_Cas3 and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP (Qiagen)
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              the plasmids were single digested. Gelelectrophoresis showed the empty backbone (figure 4).
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              The isolated fragments pAraC and pLsrR were ligated into the backbone psB1K3 after digestion.
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              psBIK3_pAraC and psBIK3_pLsrR were transformed. 25 Eva Overnight cultures for psBIK3_pAraC and psBIK3_pLsrR
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              colonies were inoculated. 26 Eva After Miniprep (Qiagen) of psBIK3_pAraC and psBIK3_pLsrR, the plasmids
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              were digested. Gel electrophoresis showed successful ligations (figure 5).
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          </p>
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          <figure>
 
                         <a style="font-size: small"
 
                         <a style="font-size: small"
                           href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/b/b8/T--Tuebingen--pH4-3x-37-white.png"
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                           href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/1/13/T--Tuebingen--Gel4.png"
 
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                             <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/b/b8/T--Tuebingen--pH4-3x-37-white.png"
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                             <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/1/13/T--Tuebingen--Gel4.png"
 
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                        <figcaption style="font-size: small; color: #F4F0DE">Fig. 3: EcN growth in LB at 37°C with pH
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                    <figcaption style="color: #F4F0DE; font-size: small;">Figure 4. 07/24/19 Single digestions after
                            changed from pH7 to pH4 after two hours of growth. After 150 minutes within pH4,
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                        Miniprep. Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1kb, BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP 1.1, BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP
                            EcN started to grow comparable to pH7 cultures. Shown are the three cultures inoculated
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                        1.2, K10_Cas3 1.1-3.2, K10_Cascade 1.1-3.2. BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP expected at ~3 kb, K10_Cas 3 expected
                            from the same overnight culture of EcN.</figcaption>
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                        at ~4.9 kb, K10_Cascade expected at ~6.6 kb.</figcaption>
                    </figure>
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          </figure>
                    <p>
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          <figure>
                        To look into inflammatory stress, we subjected EcN to up to 100µM hydrogen peroxide [2] and showed
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                        that the growth is not  substantially influenced by it.
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                    </p>
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                    <figure>
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                         <a style="font-size: small"
                           href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/b/bf/T--Tuebingen--H2O2-triplicates-white.png"
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                             <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/b/bf/T--Tuebingen--H2O2-triplicates-white.png"
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                             <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/b/b6/T--Tuebingen--Gel5.png"
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                    <figcaption style="color: #F4F0DE; font-size: small;">Figure 5. 07/26/19 Single Digestions after
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                        Miniprep. Gel loaded (from left to right): psBIK3_pAraC 1-8, psB1K3_pLsrR 1-8, Ladder 1kb,
 +
                        psB1K3 2.2-2.3, 3.1-3.2. Bands of ~3 kb suggest successful ligations.</figcaption>
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          </figure>
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              30 Patrick, Katharina The team moved into a new laboratory. The synthesized sequences
 +
              (K0, K3, K4, K6, K7, K15) arrived and were aliquoted. Chloramphenicol plates were prepared.
 +
              Cascade, Cas3,  BBa_I13453 (K10), RFP and BBa_R0073 (Mnt Promotor) digestions and ligations were
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              repeated and transformed. 31 Patrick Jakob Overnight cultures for K10_Cas3 colonies were inoculated,
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              there was no growth of the other transformations. A PCR (Pfu polymerase) was run on the synthesized
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              constructs, it wasn’t successful. The Minipreps of psBIK3_pAraC and psBIK3_pLsrR were used for retransformation.
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              01 Patrick The K10_Cas3 overnight culture was miniprepped. Overnight cultures for psBIK3_pAraC, psBIK3_pLsrR,
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              as well as K10_Cascade and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP (some late colonies grew) were inoculated.
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              02 Patrick Glycerol stocks for psBIK3_pAraC were prepared, there was no growth in psBIK3_pLsrR overnight
 +
              cultures. After Miniprep of rpsBIK3_pAraC, K10_Cascade and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP the plasmids (also K10_Cas3)
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              were digested and a gel ectrophoresis was run. It showed the transformation of empty backbone in K10_Cascade
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              and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP, successful ligation for psBIK3_pAraC and XY for K10_Cas3 (figure 6).
 +
          </p>
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          <figure>
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                        <a style="font-size: small"
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                          href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/8/82/T--Tuebingen--Gel6.png"
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                            <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/8/82/T--Tuebingen--Gel6.png"
 
                                 class="figure-img img-fluid rounded"
 
                                 class="figure-img img-fluid rounded"
 
                                 alt="A generic square placeholder"></a>
 
                                 alt="A generic square placeholder"></a>
                        <figcaption style="font-size: small; color: #F4F0DE">Fig. 4: EcN growth in different concentrations
+
                    <figcaption style="color: #F4F0DE; font-size: small;">Figure 6. 08/02/19 Digestions after Miniprep.
                            of Hydrogen Peroxide, infused after two hours of growth at 37°C, pH7 in LB medium. 100µM Hydrogen
+
                        Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1 kb, K10_Cas3 1-10, K10_Cascade 1-4, BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP 1-2,
                            Peroxide with slightly inhibited growth. Shown are the means of triplicates for each concentration.</figcaption>
+
                        positive control, psBIK3_pAraC. Negative results for K10_Cas3, expected at ~4.9 kb, and K10_Cascade,
                    </figure>
+
                        expected at 6.6 kb. Successful ligation of psBIK3_pAraC, ~ 3 kb.</figcaption>
                    <p>
+
          </figure>
                        Lastly, we performed dryfreezing and recovered EcN afterwards under control conditions [3][4][5],
+
      </div>
                        showing that dryfreezing within skim milk protects the bacteria from substantial death.
+
    </div>
                    </p>
+
  </div>
 
+
</div>
                    <figure>
+
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  <div class="card">
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      <h5 class="mb-0">
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          Week 5 (05 Aug - 09 Aug)
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      <div class="card-body" style="background-color: #232323;">
 +
          <p style="color: #F4F0DE">
 +
              05 Patrick Eva Antonia PCR (Q5 polymerase) and PCR (Paq polymerase) was run on the synthesized constructs,
 +
              they weren’t successful. Cascade and Cas3 were successfully amplified via PCR(Q5). 06 Eva Patrick Antonia
 +
              A gradient PCR (Q5) was run on the constructs. It was discovered that the currently used agarose was falsely
 +
              prepared with water instead of TAE-Buffer and was discarded. Cascade, Cas3 and BBa_I13453 (K10) were
 +
              digested and ligated. 07 Patrick Eva Luzi Antonia A new PCR (Q5) was run on the synthesized constructs,
 +
              gelectrophoresis suggested positive apmlification (figure 7). By amplification with accordingly designed primer,
 +
              K0 has been added a TetR promotor and is now K1. Due to a technical malfunction in the building further
 +
              work was delayed.
 +
          </p>
 +
          <figure>
 
                         <a style="font-size: small"
 
                         <a style="font-size: small"
                           href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/9/90/T--Tuebingen--Dryfreeze-white.png"
+
                           href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/4/46/T--Tuebingen--Gel7.png"
 
                           data-effect="mfp-zoom-out"
 
                           data-effect="mfp-zoom-out"
 
                           title="Some title">
 
                           title="Some title">
                             <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/9/90/T--Tuebingen--Dryfreeze-white.png"
+
                             <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/4/46/T--Tuebingen--Gel7.png"
 
                                 class="figure-img img-fluid rounded"
 
                                 class="figure-img img-fluid rounded"
 
                                 alt="A generic square placeholder"></a>
 
                                 alt="A generic square placeholder"></a>
                        <figcaption style="font-size: small; color: #F4F0DE">Fig. 5: EcN growth of cultures previously
+
                    <figcaption style="color: #F4F0DE; font-size: small;">Figure 7. 08/08/19 PCR of synthesized constructs.
                            subjected to a dryfreeze protocol. Shown are the mean values of triplicates of cultures
+
                        Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1kb, K1 (expected at 660bp), K3 (expected at 1 kb),
                            grown at 37°C, pH7 in LB grown for recovery.</figcaption>
+
                        K4 (expected at 1 kb), K6 (expected at 1.5 kb), K7 (expected at 700 bp), K15 (expected at 1 kb).</figcaption>
                    </figure>
+
          </figure>
                    <p>
+
      </div>
                        Anaerobic conditions were used to characterize EcN growth under the circumstances provided in
+
    </div>
                        the human intestines. Thus, as a control we compared EcN growth in LB medium versus mGAM medium
+
  </div>
                        under anaerobic conditions, showing that mGAM, a medium designed for anaerobic application,
+
</div>
                        is in fact a more suitable medium.  Then, we subjected the bacteria to metformin treatment,
+
                <div id="accordion6">
                        since it is one of the most common treatments of diabetes and is known to accumulate to 720 µM
+
  <div class="card">
                        to 7,2 mM within the intestines due to low bioavailability. [6][7].  We showed that EcN growth
+
    <div class="card-header" id="headingSix">
                        is not substantially influenced by 1,3 mM of metformin into mGAM medium. Moreover, we tested for
+
      <h5 class="mb-0">
                        EcN’s resistance against cholic acid, since it is commonly secreted into the ileum. Here, we
+
        <button class="btn btn-one btn-link collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapseSix" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSix">
                        added 0.25 mM of cholic acid to mGAM medium, considering that the concentration of free bile
+
          Week 6 (12 Aug - 16 Aug)
                        salts may rise to 0.25 to 1 mM of total bile salts in the Ileum, with cholic acid only being
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        </button>
                        one component [8][9]. Our results suggest that EcN growth is not greatly influenced by cholic acid.
+
      </h5>
                    </p>
+
    </div>
                    <figure>
+
    <div id="collapseSix" class="collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSix" data-parent="#accordion6" >
 +
      <div class="card-body" style="background-color: #232323;">
 +
          <p style="color: #F4F0DE">
 +
              12 Patrick Katharina After respective digestion and DNA clean up, psBC13_K1, psBC13_K3, psBC13_K6, K5_K4,
 +
              K10_Cas3, K10_Cascade and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP were ligated. 13 Patrick Eva Antonia Marie Yesterday’s ligations
 +
              were transformed. 14 Luzie Marie Eva A colony PCR (Taq polymerase) was run on psBC13_K1,
 +
              but the gelelectrophoresis was negative (figure 8). Overnight cultures of psBC13_K1, psBC13_K3, psBC13_K6,
 +
              K5_K4, K10_Cas3 and K10_Cascade colonies were inoculated. 15 Marie Patrick Eva After Miniprep the plasmids
 +
              were double digested. Gel electrophoresis suggested successful ligations of psBC13_K6, K10_Cas3, K10_Cascade
 +
              and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP (figure 9). 16 Patrick Miniprep of psBC13_K1 was digested but gelectrophoresis was negative.
 +
              Cascade and Cas3 were amplified by PCR (Q5 polymerase). The synthesized construct K2 arrived, was diluted and
 +
              amplified via PCR (Q5 polymerase).
 +
          </p>
 +
          <figure>
 
                         <a style="font-size: small"
 
                         <a style="font-size: small"
                           href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/b/b2/T--Tuebingen--anaerobic-all-4x-white.png"
+
                           href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/2/25/T--Tuebingen--Gel8.png"
 
                           data-effect="mfp-zoom-out"
 
                           data-effect="mfp-zoom-out"
 
                           title="Some title">
 
                           title="Some title">
                             <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/b/b2/T--Tuebingen--anaerobic-all-4x-white.png"
+
                             <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/2/25/T--Tuebingen--Gel8.png"
 
                                 class="figure-img img-fluid rounded"
 
                                 class="figure-img img-fluid rounded"
 
                                 alt="A generic square placeholder"></a>
 
                                 alt="A generic square placeholder"></a>
                        <figcaption style="font-size: small; color: #F4F0DE">Fig. 6: EcN growth under four anaerobic
+
                    <figcaption style="color: #F4F0DE; font-size: small;">Figure 8. 08/14/19 Colony PCR of psB1C3_K1
                            conditions compared to EcN aerobic growth. Shown are the mean values of four samples
+
                        transformation. Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1kb, psB1C3_K0 1-10.</figcaption>
                            inoculated with the same overnight culture. Experiments were conducted at 37°C and pH7.
+
          </figure>
                            LB aerobic growth as a control. Other samples are LB anaerobic growth, mGAM anaerobic
+
          <figure>
                            growth, as well as mGAM medium supplemented with either 1.3 mM Metformin or 0.25mM Cholic
+
                            Acid. Samples for RNA sequencing were taken after 270 minutes for all anaerobic conditions,
+
                            since the increase of pressure within the flasks indicated a change of metabolism of EcN to
+
                            fermentation processes. Aerobic LB growth samples were taken at OD600=1.0.</figcaption>
+
                    </figure>
+
                    <p>
+
                        Finally, we tested EcN interaction with other bacteria by adding bacterial supernatant to our
+
                        medium. The supernatant was sterilized and provided by Dr. Lisa Maier. We chose Bacteroides
+
                        thetaiotaomicron, Prevotella copri and Ruminococcus gnavus since they are commonly found within
+
                        the human microbiome [10]. Bifidobacterium adolescentis was chosen due to its probiotic nature
+
                        and Clostridium difficile supernatant was used, since it is often found in the microbiome of people
+
                        with chronic inflammation [10][11]. The results suggest that EcN grows under all additions,
+
                        however was initially inhibited in its growth by the addition of Bacteroides spp., thus we used
+
                        these samples for RNA-seq.
+
                    </p>
+
 
+
                    <figure>
+
 
                         <a style="font-size: small"
 
                         <a style="font-size: small"
                           href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/7/74/T--Tuebingen--bacterial-SN-white.png"
+
                           href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/c/cc/T--Tuebingen--Gel9.png"
 
                           data-effect="mfp-zoom-out"
 
                           data-effect="mfp-zoom-out"
 
                           title="Some title">
 
                           title="Some title">
                             <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/7/74/T--Tuebingen--bacterial-SN-white.png"
+
                             <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/c/cc/T--Tuebingen--Gel9.png"
 +
                                class="figure-img img-fluid rounded"
 +
                                alt="A generic square placeholder image"></a>
 +
                    <figcaption style="color: #F4F0DE; font-size: small;">Figure 9. 08/15/19 Digestions after Miniprep.
 +
                        Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1kb, psB1C3_K6 1, empty, psB1C3_K6 2, psB1C3_K3 1-2, K10_Cas3
 +
                        1-2, K10_Cascade 1-2, BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP 1-4. K6 expected at ~2 kb and 1.5 kb, K3 expected at
 +
                        ~2 kb and 1 kb, Cas3 expected at ~2.4 kb, ~2 kb and ~0.3 kb, Cascade expected at ~5.1 kb, ~1,2 kb
 +
                        and ~0.3 kb, RFP expected at ~2 kb and ~1 kb. </figcaption>
 +
          </figure>
 +
      </div>
 +
    </div>
 +
  </div>
 +
</div>
 +
                <div id="accordion7">
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  <div class="card">
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    <div class="card-header" id="headingSeven">
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      <h5 class="mb-0">
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        <button class="btn btn-one btn-link collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapseSeven" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSeven">
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          Week 7 (19 Aug - 23 Aug)
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      </h5>
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    <div id="collapseSeven" class="collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSeven" data-parent="#accordion7" >
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      <div class="card-body" style="background-color: #232323;">
 +
          <p style="color: #F4F0DE">
 +
              19 Patrick Jakob Eva After respective digestion and DNA clean up, psB1C3_K1, psB1C3_K3, psB1C3_K7 and
 +
              K5_K4 were ligated. The BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP plasmid was digested to isolate Mnt_RFP by gel extraction
 +
              (figure 10). The backbone pSB1K3 was digested with respective enzymes and pSB1K3_Mnt_RFP was ligated.
 +
              K1, K2, K3, K4, K7 and K15 were amplified via PCR (Q5 polymerase) with a new programm. 20 Eva Patrick
 +
              Last weeks psBC13_K6, K10_Cas3 and K10_Cascade were sent off to Sanger sequencing. Yesterday’s ligations
 +
              were transformed as well as K10_Cascade retransformed. 21 Marie Zoe Patrick A new batch of competent cells
 +
              was prepared and overnight cultures of psB1C3_K1, psB1C3_K7, K5_K4 and K10_Cascade inoculated. 22 Patrick
 +
              Eva Sanger Sequencing was positive on K10_Cascade. Chloramphenicol and Kanamycin plates were prepared.
 +
              After Miniprep of psB1C3_K1, psB1C3_K7, K5_K4 and K10_Cascade the plasmids were digested and run on a gel.
 +
              Digestions of psB1C3_K1 and K5_K4 were negative. The new competent cells were transformed with psB1C3_K3,
 +
              psB1K3_Mnt_RFP and iGEM competent cell test plasmids. 23 Marie Patrick The constructs K1, K2, K3, K4, K7
 +
              and K15 were amplified by PCR (Q5 polymerase). Double digestion of psB1C3_K7 and K10_Cascade was repeated.
 +
              The gel electrophoresis suggested XY (figure 11).
 +
          </p>
 +
          <figure>
 +
                        <a style="font-size: small"
 +
                          href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/7/77/T--Tuebingen--Gel10.png"
 +
                          data-effect="mfp-zoom-out"
 +
                          title="Some title">
 +
                            <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/7/77/T--Tuebingen--Gel10.png"
 
                                 class="figure-img img-fluid rounded"
 
                                 class="figure-img img-fluid rounded"
 
                                 alt="A generic square placeholder"></a>
 
                                 alt="A generic square placeholder"></a>
                        <figcaption style="font-size: small; color: #F4F0DE">Fig. 7: EcN growth in mGAM medium under
+
                    <figcaption style="color: #F4F0DE; font-size: small;">Figure 10. 08/19/19 Digestion of BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP
                            anaerobic conditions at 37°C, pH 7 supplemented with either 50% supernatant of different
+
                         for gel extraction. Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1 kb, BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP.
                            species or 50% of water as a control for depleted nutrients. All cultures were inoculated
+
                         Desired fragment at ~0.5 kb.</figcaption>
                            with the same overnight culture of EcN. Bacteroides spp. with strongest change in growth
+
          </figure>
                            within the first 200 min of the experiment. Shown are mean values of four samples each.
+
          <figure>
                            Bacteroides samples were taken for RNA sequencing after 225 minutes.</figcaption>
+
                    </figure>
+
                </div>
+
            </div>
+
 
+
            <h2 style="font-family:'Righteous';">RNASeq</h2>
+
            <div class="row">
+
                <div class="col-12">
+
                    <p>
+
                        The transcriptome describes the set of whole RNA molecules in a population of cells and is subject
+
                        to continuous changes. Understanding the complete transcriptome, the expressed genes, post-transcriptional
+
                        modifications, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and additional properties of interest is
+
                         imperative towards understanding genetic cause, disease and possible treatment strategies.
+
The inherent complexity of the transcriptome requires precise and scaling analysis techniques. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq),
+
                        also known as whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (WTSS), is most commonly used for this purpose,
+
                         today. It uses next-generation sequencing (NGS) to detect and quantify RNA in biological samples.
+
The generated RNA-Seq read data is then analyzed according to a sample RNA-Seq work-flow as shown below.
+
                    </p>
+
                    <figure>
+
 
                         <a style="font-size: small"
 
                         <a style="font-size: small"
                           href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/7/7f/T--Tuebingen--RNA-Seq-transparent.png"
+
                           href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/9/92/T--Tuebingen--Gel11.png"
 
                           data-effect="mfp-zoom-out"
 
                           data-effect="mfp-zoom-out"
 
                           title="Some title">
 
                           title="Some title">
                             <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/7/7f/T--Tuebingen--RNA-Seq-transparent.png"
+
                             <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/9/92/T--Tuebingen--Gel11.png"
 
                                 class="figure-img img-fluid rounded"
 
                                 class="figure-img img-fluid rounded"
                                 alt="A generic square placeholder image with rounded corners in a figure."></a>
+
                                 alt="A generic square placeholder image"></a>
                     </figure>
+
                     <figcaption style="color: #F4F0DE; font-size: small;">Figure 11. Digestion after Miniprep.
                    <p>
+
                         Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1 kb, psB1C3_K7 1-2, K10_Cascade 1-5, K10_Cas3.</figcaption>
                        We set ourselves the goal of understanding the transcriptomic changes that E.coli Nissle undergoes
+
          </figure>
                        under various stress conditions to gain a deeper insight into its responses. Understanding the
+
      </div>
                         stress responses of E.coli Nissle could lead to the development of more stress robust strains,
+
    </div>
                        which not only our project would benefit from, but also scientists working on probiotic drugs in general.
+
  </div>
                    </p>
+
</div>
                    <p>
+
</div>
                        We divided our experimental design into two parts. We not only wanted to investigate the effect
+
                        of environmental stress on E.coli Nissle under aerobic conditions, but were also specifically
+
                        interested in anaerobic conditions. Hence, our experimental design looks as follows:
+
                    </p>
+
                    <p>
+
                        The respective temperature, pH values and doses were determined by growth curves, shown above.
+
                        To get the most out of RNA-Seq applied to stress factors, it is important to find the cutoff
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                        values, where E.coli Nissle is put under stress the most, but still survives.
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                    </p>
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                    <p>
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                        Sequencing and library preparation was conducted on two sites. All aerobic samples were prepared
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                        and sequenced at the NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), whereas all anaerobic samples were
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                        prepared and sequenced at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) in Heidelberg.
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                        For more details please visit our <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Tuebingen/Notebook" onclick='window.open("https://2019.igem.org/Team:Tuebingen/Notebook","_self");'>Notebook</a>
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                        and <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Tuebingen/Attributions" onclick='window.open("https://2019.igem.org/Team:Tuebingen/Attributions","_self");'>Attributions</a>.
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                    </p>
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                    </div>
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                </div>
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            <h2 style="font-family:'Righteous';">Data Analysis</h2>
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            <div class="row">
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                <div class="col-12">
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                    <p>Quality Control Differential Expression Analysis
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                        Pathway Analysis</p>
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                </div>
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            </div>
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            <h2 style="font-family:'Righteous'; color:#2ecc71;">Metabolic Model</h2>
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                <div class="col-12">
 
                    <p>Insert here</p>
 
                </div>
 
            </div>
 
  
 
         </div>
 
         </div>

Revision as of 21:13, 16 October 2019

GLP.exe

Notebook

08 Jakob, Patrick, Eva After moving into our new lab and settling in, first practical steps like aliquoting our primers or preparing LB-Medium and LB-Agar were taken. 09 Jakob, Patrick, Eva We amplified Cas 3 out of E.Coli gDNA via PCR (Q5 Polymerase) and transformed the biobricks BBa_K608351 (K2), BBa_K091001 (K5), BBa_I13453 (K10), BBa_K584000 (AraC Promotor), BBa_K117008 (LsrR Promotor), BBa_R0073 (Mnt Promotor) in competent E. Coli DH5-alpha (NEB iGEM Kit). 10 Eva, Patrick We amplified Cascade out of E.Coli MG1655 gDNA via PCR (Q5 Polymerase) and checked the Cas 3 and Cascade PCRs via agarose gel electrophoresis. (figure 1) We picked colonies for all but the Ba_K608351 (K2) transformations (no growth) for inoculating overnight cultures and made a new batch of competent E.Coli Dh-5α cells. 11 Jakob, Eva, Patrick By Miniprep (Qiagen) we extracted the DNA of the overnight cultures. Amplification via PCR (Q5 Polymerase) of Cascade was repeated (figure 2). BBa_K608351 (K2) was transformed again and the competent cells tested.

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Figure 1. 17/10/19 Gelelctrophoresis of Cas 3 and Cascade PCR. Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1kb, Cas 3 (72°C), Cas 3 (68°C), H2O, Cascade (72°C), Cascade (68°C), H2O. It shows positive PCR of Cas 3 (68°C), expected at ~2.7 kb.
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Figure 2. 07/11/19 Gelelctrophoresis of Cascade PCR. Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1kb, Cascade (68°C), Cascade (64°C). It shows positive PCR of Cas 3 (68°C), expected at ~4.4 kb.

15 Jakob Patrick Eva Luzi The biobricks were transformed again. Cascade and Cas 3 PCR products were sent off for Sanger sequencing. 16 Patrick, Eva Since there repeatedly weren’t any colonies for BBa_K608351 (K2), we transformed it in provided NovaBlue™ competent cells. Overnight cultures of the other biobricks as well as an overnight culture of E.Coli Nissle were inoculated. 17 Eva Patrick Katharina Glycerol stocks of the overnight cultures were prepared. Competent E. Coli Nissle cells were produced and the growth of E. Coli Nissle was analysed preliminarily. After Miniprep (Qiagen) of BBa_K516030 (RFP) a PCR (Pfu Polymerase) was run. After digestion of the PCR products Cas 3 and Cascade as well as the plasmid BBa_I13453 (K10), K10_Cascade and K10_Cas3 were ligated. 18 Eva Patrick The K10_Cascade and K10_Cas3 ligations were digested (single) and analysed by gel electrophoresis, together with the RFP PCR product (figure 3). The gel did not show a result for K10_Cascade and K10_Cas3. RFP (PCR Product) and BBa_R0073 (Mnt Promotor) were digested and ligated. 19 Eva Patrick Digestion and Ligation of Cascade, Cas3 and K10 were repeated with increased amounts of DNA. K10_Cascade, K10_Cas3 and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP were transformed.

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Figure 3. 07/18/19 Gelelctrophoresis of RFP PCR, digests of K10_Cascade and K10_Cas3. Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1 kb, RFP 1, RFP 2, RFP 3, K10_Cas3 (no heat inact.), K10_Cas3, K10_Cascade, Ladder 1 kb. It shows positive PCR of RFP, expected at ~890 bp. No result for digestions.

23 Eva Jakob Patrick Preparation of LB-Medium, LB-Agar and Chloramphenicol plates. Overnight cultures for K10_Cascade, K10_Cas3 and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP colonies were inoculated. After double digestion of BBa_K584000 (AraC Promotor), BBa_K117008 (LsrR Promotor), the fragments pAraC and pLsrR were extracted from the gel. 24 Eva Patrick After Miniprep of K10_Cascade, K10_Cas3 and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP (Qiagen) the plasmids were single digested. Gelelectrophoresis showed the empty backbone (figure 4). The isolated fragments pAraC and pLsrR were ligated into the backbone psB1K3 after digestion. psBIK3_pAraC and psBIK3_pLsrR were transformed. 25 Eva Overnight cultures for psBIK3_pAraC and psBIK3_pLsrR colonies were inoculated. 26 Eva After Miniprep (Qiagen) of psBIK3_pAraC and psBIK3_pLsrR, the plasmids were digested. Gel electrophoresis showed successful ligations (figure 5).

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Figure 4. 07/24/19 Single digestions after Miniprep. Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1kb, BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP 1.1, BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP 1.2, K10_Cas3 1.1-3.2, K10_Cascade 1.1-3.2. BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP expected at ~3 kb, K10_Cas 3 expected at ~4.9 kb, K10_Cascade expected at ~6.6 kb.
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Figure 5. 07/26/19 Single Digestions after Miniprep. Gel loaded (from left to right): psBIK3_pAraC 1-8, psB1K3_pLsrR 1-8, Ladder 1kb, psB1K3 2.2-2.3, 3.1-3.2. Bands of ~3 kb suggest successful ligations.

30 Patrick, Katharina The team moved into a new laboratory. The synthesized sequences (K0, K3, K4, K6, K7, K15) arrived and were aliquoted. Chloramphenicol plates were prepared. Cascade, Cas3, BBa_I13453 (K10), RFP and BBa_R0073 (Mnt Promotor) digestions and ligations were repeated and transformed. 31 Patrick Jakob Overnight cultures for K10_Cas3 colonies were inoculated, there was no growth of the other transformations. A PCR (Pfu polymerase) was run on the synthesized constructs, it wasn’t successful. The Minipreps of psBIK3_pAraC and psBIK3_pLsrR were used for retransformation. 01 Patrick The K10_Cas3 overnight culture was miniprepped. Overnight cultures for psBIK3_pAraC, psBIK3_pLsrR, as well as K10_Cascade and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP (some late colonies grew) were inoculated. 02 Patrick Glycerol stocks for psBIK3_pAraC were prepared, there was no growth in psBIK3_pLsrR overnight cultures. After Miniprep of rpsBIK3_pAraC, K10_Cascade and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP the plasmids (also K10_Cas3) were digested and a gel ectrophoresis was run. It showed the transformation of empty backbone in K10_Cascade and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP, successful ligation for psBIK3_pAraC and XY for K10_Cas3 (figure 6).

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Figure 6. 08/02/19 Digestions after Miniprep. Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1 kb, K10_Cas3 1-10, K10_Cascade 1-4, BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP 1-2, positive control, psBIK3_pAraC. Negative results for K10_Cas3, expected at ~4.9 kb, and K10_Cascade, expected at 6.6 kb. Successful ligation of psBIK3_pAraC, ~ 3 kb.

05 Patrick Eva Antonia PCR (Q5 polymerase) and PCR (Paq polymerase) was run on the synthesized constructs, they weren’t successful. Cascade and Cas3 were successfully amplified via PCR(Q5). 06 Eva Patrick Antonia A gradient PCR (Q5) was run on the constructs. It was discovered that the currently used agarose was falsely prepared with water instead of TAE-Buffer and was discarded. Cascade, Cas3 and BBa_I13453 (K10) were digested and ligated. 07 Patrick Eva Luzi Antonia A new PCR (Q5) was run on the synthesized constructs, gelectrophoresis suggested positive apmlification (figure 7). By amplification with accordingly designed primer, K0 has been added a TetR promotor and is now K1. Due to a technical malfunction in the building further work was delayed.

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Figure 7. 08/08/19 PCR of synthesized constructs. Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1kb, K1 (expected at 660bp), K3 (expected at 1 kb), K4 (expected at 1 kb), K6 (expected at 1.5 kb), K7 (expected at 700 bp), K15 (expected at 1 kb).

12 Patrick Katharina After respective digestion and DNA clean up, psBC13_K1, psBC13_K3, psBC13_K6, K5_K4, K10_Cas3, K10_Cascade and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP were ligated. 13 Patrick Eva Antonia Marie Yesterday’s ligations were transformed. 14 Luzie Marie Eva A colony PCR (Taq polymerase) was run on psBC13_K1, but the gelelectrophoresis was negative (figure 8). Overnight cultures of psBC13_K1, psBC13_K3, psBC13_K6, K5_K4, K10_Cas3 and K10_Cascade colonies were inoculated. 15 Marie Patrick Eva After Miniprep the plasmids were double digested. Gel electrophoresis suggested successful ligations of psBC13_K6, K10_Cas3, K10_Cascade and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP (figure 9). 16 Patrick Miniprep of psBC13_K1 was digested but gelectrophoresis was negative. Cascade and Cas3 were amplified by PCR (Q5 polymerase). The synthesized construct K2 arrived, was diluted and amplified via PCR (Q5 polymerase).

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Figure 8. 08/14/19 Colony PCR of psB1C3_K1 transformation. Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1kb, psB1C3_K0 1-10.
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Figure 9. 08/15/19 Digestions after Miniprep. Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1kb, psB1C3_K6 1, empty, psB1C3_K6 2, psB1C3_K3 1-2, K10_Cas3 1-2, K10_Cascade 1-2, BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP 1-4. K6 expected at ~2 kb and 1.5 kb, K3 expected at ~2 kb and 1 kb, Cas3 expected at ~2.4 kb, ~2 kb and ~0.3 kb, Cascade expected at ~5.1 kb, ~1,2 kb and ~0.3 kb, RFP expected at ~2 kb and ~1 kb.

19 Patrick Jakob Eva After respective digestion and DNA clean up, psB1C3_K1, psB1C3_K3, psB1C3_K7 and K5_K4 were ligated. The BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP plasmid was digested to isolate Mnt_RFP by gel extraction (figure 10). The backbone pSB1K3 was digested with respective enzymes and pSB1K3_Mnt_RFP was ligated. K1, K2, K3, K4, K7 and K15 were amplified via PCR (Q5 polymerase) with a new programm. 20 Eva Patrick Last weeks psBC13_K6, K10_Cas3 and K10_Cascade were sent off to Sanger sequencing. Yesterday’s ligations were transformed as well as K10_Cascade retransformed. 21 Marie Zoe Patrick A new batch of competent cells was prepared and overnight cultures of psB1C3_K1, psB1C3_K7, K5_K4 and K10_Cascade inoculated. 22 Patrick Eva Sanger Sequencing was positive on K10_Cascade. Chloramphenicol and Kanamycin plates were prepared. After Miniprep of psB1C3_K1, psB1C3_K7, K5_K4 and K10_Cascade the plasmids were digested and run on a gel. Digestions of psB1C3_K1 and K5_K4 were negative. The new competent cells were transformed with psB1C3_K3, psB1K3_Mnt_RFP and iGEM competent cell test plasmids. 23 Marie Patrick The constructs K1, K2, K3, K4, K7 and K15 were amplified by PCR (Q5 polymerase). Double digestion of psB1C3_K7 and K10_Cascade was repeated. The gel electrophoresis suggested XY (figure 11).

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Figure 10. 08/19/19 Digestion of BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP for gel extraction. Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1 kb, BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP. Desired fragment at ~0.5 kb.
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Figure 11. Digestion after Miniprep. Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1 kb, psB1C3_K7 1-2, K10_Cascade 1-5, K10_Cas3.

References

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