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| | <div class="info"> | | <div class="info"> |
| − | <h1 style="font-family: 'Righteous', cursive; font-weight: normal; color:#2ecc71;">Nissle</h1> | + | <h1 style="font-family: 'Righteous', cursive; font-weight: normal; color:#2ecc71;">Notebook</h1> |
| | </div> | | </div> |
| | </div> | | </div> |
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| | <div id="image-popups"> | | <div id="image-popups"> |
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| − | <h2 style="font-family:'Righteous'; color:#2ecc71;">Introduction</h2>
| + | <div class="container-fluid py-5 mb-0" style="background-color: #232323"> <!-- FOR REUSE: REMOVE bg-dark IF U DONT WANNA HAVE A DARK BACKGROUND --> |
| − | <div class="row">
| + | <div id="accordion"> |
| − | <div class="col-12">
| + | <div class="card"> |
| − | <p>
| + | <div class="card-header" id="headingOne"> |
| − | Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is probably the most intensively investigated bacterial strain
| + | <h5 class="mb-0"> |
| − | today[1]. Despite the fact that the EcN strain is widely used as a probiotic, a lot of questions
| + | <button class="btn btn-one btn-link collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapseOne" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseOne"> |
| − | remain. That is why we decided to dive deep into the characterization of EcN. Our goal was to find
| + | Week 1 (08 Jul - 12 Jul) |
| − | out more about EcN itself and to provide crucial information in order to include EcN as platform
| + | </button> |
| − | organism for other iGEM Teams and researchers.
| + | </h5> |
| − | </p>
| + | </div> |
| − | </div>
| + | <div id="collapseOne" class="collapse" aria-labelledby="headingOne" data-parent="#accordion" > |
| − | </div>
| + | <div class="card-body" style="background-color: #232323;"> |
| − | | + | <p style="color: #F4F0DE"> |
| − | <h2 style="font-family:'Righteous'; color:#2ecc71;">Growth Curves</h2>
| + | 08 Jakob, Patrick, Eva After moving into our new lab and settling in, first practical |
| − | <div class="row">
| + | steps like aliquoting our primers or preparing LB-Medium and LB-Agar were taken. |
| − | <div class="col-12">
| + | 09 Jakob, Patrick, Eva We amplified Cas 3 out of E.Coli gDNA via PCR (Q5 Polymerase) |
| − | <p>
| + | and transformed the biobricks BBa_K608351 (K2), BBa_K091001 (K5), BBa_I13453 (K10), |
| − | The first step in the characterization of a bacterium are growth curves on different media and
| + | BBa_K584000 (AraC Promotor), BBa_K117008 (LsrR Promotor), BBa_R0073 (Mnt Promotor) in |
| − | under different conditions. We chose to perform half of our experiments under aerobic and the
| + | competent E. Coli DH5-alpha (NEB iGEM Kit). 10 Eva, Patrick We amplified Cascade out of |
| − | other half under anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic conditions, as a control we let EcN grow in
| + | E.Coli MG1655 gDNA via PCR (Q5 Polymerase) and checked the Cas 3 and Cascade PCRs via agarose |
| − | LB medium at 37°C and pH7. We changed the temperature to 25°C, 8°C, 4°C and 0°C, showing that
| + | gel electrophoresis. (figure 1) We picked colonies for all but the Ba_K608351 (K2) |
| − | EcN growth is inhibited at 8°C, the temperature often used for cold shock.
| + | transformations (no growth) for inoculating overnight cultures and made a new batch of |
| − | </p>
| + | competent E.Coli Dh-5α cells. 11 Jakob, Eva, Patrick By Miniprep (Qiagen) we extracted the |
| − | | + | DNA of the overnight cultures. Amplification via PCR (Q5 Polymerase) of Cascade was repeated |
| − | <figure>
| + | (figure 2). BBa_K608351 (K2) was transformed again and the competent cells tested. |
| | + | </p> |
| | + | <figure> |
| | <a style="font-size: small" | | <a style="font-size: small" |
| − | href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/b/b5/T--Tuebingen--pH7-diff-Temp-white.png" | + | href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/a/a8/T--Tuebingen--Gel1.png" |
| | data-effect="mfp-zoom-out" | | data-effect="mfp-zoom-out" |
| | title="Some title"> | | title="Some title"> |
| − | <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/b/b5/T--Tuebingen--pH7-diff-Temp-white.png" | + | <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/a/a8/T--Tuebingen--Gel1.png" |
| | class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" | | class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" |
| | alt="A generic square placeholder"></a> | | alt="A generic square placeholder"></a> |
| − | <figcaption style="font-size: small; color: #F4F0DE">Fig. 1: EcN growth in LB medium at pH7. All cultures were
| + | <figcaption style="color: #F4F0DE; font-size: small;">Figure 1. 17/10/19 Gelelctrophoresis of Cas 3 and Cascade PCR. Gel loaded (from left to right): |
| − | inoculated with an overnight culture and grown for 120 minutes at 37°C. Next, temperature was
| + | Ladder 1kb, Cas 3 (72°C), Cas 3 (68°C), H2O, Cascade (72°C), Cascade (68°C), H2O. It shows positive |
| − | changed to 0°C, 4°C, 8°C and 25°C, while one control was kept at 37°C.
| + | PCR of Cas 3 (68°C), expected at ~2.7 kb.</figcaption> |
| − | Shown are mean values of triplicates.</figcaption>
| + | </figure> |
| − | </figure>
| + | <figure> |
| − | | + | |
| − | <p>
| + | |
| − | Moreover, we evaluated the growth in the pH range from pH6 to pH1, since in our application EcN
| + | |
| − | will have to pass the acidity of the stomach. Here, at pH4 we discovered an interesting recovery
| + | |
| − | of EcN growth after three hours.
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | <figure>
| + | |
| | <a style="font-size: small" | | <a style="font-size: small" |
| − | href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/c/cf/T--Tuebingen--37-diff-pH-white.png" | + | href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/2/2a/T--Tuebingen--Gel2.png" |
| | data-effect="mfp-zoom-out" | | data-effect="mfp-zoom-out" |
| | title="Some title"> | | title="Some title"> |
| − | <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/c/cf/T--Tuebingen--37-diff-pH-white.png" | + | <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/2/2a/T--Tuebingen--Gel2.png" |
| | + | class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" |
| | + | alt="A generic square placeholder image"></a> |
| | + | <figcaption style="color: #F4F0DE; font-size: small;">Figure 2. 07/11/19 Gelelctrophoresis of Cascade PCR. Gel loaded (from left to right): |
| | + | Ladder 1kb, Cascade (68°C), Cascade (64°C). It shows positive PCR of Cas 3 (68°C), expected at ~4.4 kb.</figcaption> |
| | + | </figure> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | <div id="accordion2"> |
| | + | <div class="card"> |
| | + | <div class="card-header" id="headingOne"> |
| | + | <h5 class="mb-0"> |
| | + | <button class="btn btn-one btn-link collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapseTwo" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseTwo"> |
| | + | Week 2 (15 Jul - 19 Jul) |
| | + | </button> |
| | + | </h5> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | <div id="collapseTwo" class="collapse" aria-labelledby="headingTwo" data-parent="#accordion2" > |
| | + | <div class="card-body" style="background-color: #232323;"> |
| | + | <p style="color: #F4F0DE"> |
| | + | 15 Jakob Patrick Eva Luzi The biobricks were transformed again. Cascade and Cas 3 PCR products were |
| | + | sent off for Sanger sequencing. |
| | + | 16 Patrick, Eva Since there repeatedly weren’t any colonies for BBa_K608351 (K2), we transformed it |
| | + | in provided NovaBlue™ competent cells. Overnight cultures of the other biobricks as well as an |
| | + | overnight culture of E.Coli Nissle were inoculated. 17 Eva Patrick Katharina Glycerol |
| | + | stocks of the overnight cultures were prepared. Competent E. Coli Nissle cells were produced and |
| | + | the growth of E. Coli Nissle was analysed preliminarily. After Miniprep (Qiagen) of BBa_K516030 (RFP) |
| | + | a PCR (Pfu Polymerase) was run. After digestion of the PCR products Cas 3 and Cascade as well as the |
| | + | plasmid BBa_I13453 (K10), K10_Cascade and K10_Cas3 were ligated. 18 Eva Patrick The K10_Cascade and |
| | + | K10_Cas3 ligations were digested (single) and analysed by gel electrophoresis, together with the RFP |
| | + | PCR product (figure 3). The gel did not show a result for K10_Cascade and K10_Cas3. RFP (PCR Product) |
| | + | and BBa_R0073 (Mnt Promotor) were digested and ligated. 19 Eva Patrick Digestion and Ligation of Cascade, |
| | + | Cas3 and K10 were repeated with increased amounts of DNA. K10_Cascade, K10_Cas3 and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP |
| | + | were transformed. |
| | + | </p> |
| | + | <figure> |
| | + | <a style="font-size: small" |
| | + | href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/3/30/T--Tuebingen--Gel3.png" |
| | + | data-effect="mfp-zoom-out" |
| | + | title="Some title"> |
| | + | <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/3/30/T--Tuebingen--Gel3.png" |
| | class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" | | class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" |
| | alt="A generic square placeholder"></a> | | alt="A generic square placeholder"></a> |
| − | <figcaption style="font-size: small; color: #F4F0DE">Fig. 2: EcN growth curve in LB at 37°C under
| + | <figcaption style="color: #F4F0DE; font-size: small;">Figure 3. 07/18/19 Gelelctrophoresis of |
| − | different pH levels. Until 120min all cultures inoculated from one overnight culture grew at pH7.
| + | RFP PCR, digests of K10_Cascade and K10_Cas3. Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1 kb, |
| − | Then, media was changed to the respective pH and cultures were grown for 3 hours. pH5 and pH6
| + | RFP 1, RFP 2, RFP 3, K10_Cas3 (no heat inact.), K10_Cas3, K10_Cascade, Ladder 1 kb. It shows |
| − | grew as usual, pH1,2,3 did not grow at all, while pH4 started to grow after 3 hours. Thus,
| + | positive PCR of RFP, expected at ~890 bp. No result for digestions.</figcaption> |
| − | media was changed again after 3 hours to pH7. pH6 and pH5 grew as usual, pH1,2,3 did not
| + | </figure> |
| − | recover. Cultures grown in pH4 recovered and grew as usual. Shown are values of one culture
| + | </div> |
| − | for each pH.</figcaption>
| + | </div> |
| − | </figure>
| + | </div> |
| − | | + | </div> |
| − | <figure>
| + | <div id="accordion3"> |
| | + | <div class="card"> |
| | + | <div class="card-header" id="headingThree"> |
| | + | <h5 class="mb-0"> |
| | + | <button class="btn btn-one btn-link collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapseThree" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseThree"> |
| | + | Week 3 (22 Jul - 26 Jul) |
| | + | </button> |
| | + | </h5> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | <div id="collapseThree" class="collapse" aria-labelledby="headingThree" data-parent="#accordion3" > |
| | + | <div class="card-body" style="background-color: #232323;"> |
| | + | <p style="color: #F4F0DE"> |
| | + | 23 Eva Jakob Patrick Preparation of LB-Medium, LB-Agar and Chloramphenicol plates. Overnight cultures |
| | + | for K10_Cascade, K10_Cas3 and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP colonies were inoculated. After double digestion of |
| | + | BBa_K584000 (AraC Promotor), BBa_K117008 (LsrR Promotor), the fragments pAraC and pLsrR were extracted |
| | + | from the gel. 24 Eva Patrick After Miniprep of K10_Cascade, K10_Cas3 and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP (Qiagen) |
| | + | the plasmids were single digested. Gelelectrophoresis showed the empty backbone (figure 4). |
| | + | The isolated fragments pAraC and pLsrR were ligated into the backbone psB1K3 after digestion. |
| | + | psBIK3_pAraC and psBIK3_pLsrR were transformed. 25 Eva Overnight cultures for psBIK3_pAraC and psBIK3_pLsrR |
| | + | colonies were inoculated. 26 Eva After Miniprep (Qiagen) of psBIK3_pAraC and psBIK3_pLsrR, the plasmids |
| | + | were digested. Gel electrophoresis showed successful ligations (figure 5). |
| | + | </p> |
| | + | <figure> |
| | <a style="font-size: small" | | <a style="font-size: small" |
| − | href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/b/b8/T--Tuebingen--pH4-3x-37-white.png" | + | href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/1/13/T--Tuebingen--Gel4.png" |
| | data-effect="mfp-zoom-out" | | data-effect="mfp-zoom-out" |
| | title="Some title"> | | title="Some title"> |
| − | <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/b/b8/T--Tuebingen--pH4-3x-37-white.png" | + | <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/1/13/T--Tuebingen--Gel4.png" |
| | class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" | | class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" |
| | alt="A generic square placeholder"></a> | | alt="A generic square placeholder"></a> |
| − | <figcaption style="font-size: small; color: #F4F0DE">Fig. 3: EcN growth in LB at 37°C with pH
| + | <figcaption style="color: #F4F0DE; font-size: small;">Figure 4. 07/24/19 Single digestions after |
| − | changed from pH7 to pH4 after two hours of growth. After 150 minutes within pH4,
| + | Miniprep. Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1kb, BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP 1.1, BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP |
| − | EcN started to grow comparable to pH7 cultures. Shown are the three cultures inoculated
| + | 1.2, K10_Cas3 1.1-3.2, K10_Cascade 1.1-3.2. BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP expected at ~3 kb, K10_Cas 3 expected |
| − | from the same overnight culture of EcN.</figcaption>
| + | at ~4.9 kb, K10_Cascade expected at ~6.6 kb.</figcaption> |
| − | </figure>
| + | </figure> |
| − | <p>
| + | <figure> |
| − | To look into inflammatory stress, we subjected EcN to up to 100µM hydrogen peroxide [2] and showed
| + | |
| − | that the growth is not substantially influenced by it.
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | <figure>
| + | |
| | <a style="font-size: small" | | <a style="font-size: small" |
| − | href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/b/bf/T--Tuebingen--H2O2-triplicates-white.png" | + | href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/b/b6/T--Tuebingen--Gel5.png" |
| | data-effect="mfp-zoom-out" | | data-effect="mfp-zoom-out" |
| | title="Some title"> | | title="Some title"> |
| − | <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/b/bf/T--Tuebingen--H2O2-triplicates-white.png" | + | <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/b/b6/T--Tuebingen--Gel5.png" |
| | + | class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" |
| | + | alt="A generic square placeholder image"></a> |
| | + | <figcaption style="color: #F4F0DE; font-size: small;">Figure 5. 07/26/19 Single Digestions after |
| | + | Miniprep. Gel loaded (from left to right): psBIK3_pAraC 1-8, psB1K3_pLsrR 1-8, Ladder 1kb, |
| | + | psB1K3 2.2-2.3, 3.1-3.2. Bands of ~3 kb suggest successful ligations.</figcaption> |
| | + | </figure> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | <div id="accordion4"> |
| | + | <div class="card"> |
| | + | <div class="card-header" id="headingFour"> |
| | + | <h5 class="mb-0"> |
| | + | <button class="btn btn-one btn-link collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapseFour" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseFour"> |
| | + | Week 4 (29 Jul - 02 Aug) |
| | + | </button> |
| | + | </h5> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | <div id="collapseFour" class="collapse" aria-labelledby="headingFour" data-parent="#accordion4" > |
| | + | <div class="card-body" style="background-color: #232323;"> |
| | + | <p style="color: #F4F0DE"> |
| | + | 30 Patrick, Katharina The team moved into a new laboratory. The synthesized sequences |
| | + | (K0, K3, K4, K6, K7, K15) arrived and were aliquoted. Chloramphenicol plates were prepared. |
| | + | Cascade, Cas3, BBa_I13453 (K10), RFP and BBa_R0073 (Mnt Promotor) digestions and ligations were |
| | + | repeated and transformed. 31 Patrick Jakob Overnight cultures for K10_Cas3 colonies were inoculated, |
| | + | there was no growth of the other transformations. A PCR (Pfu polymerase) was run on the synthesized |
| | + | constructs, it wasn’t successful. The Minipreps of psBIK3_pAraC and psBIK3_pLsrR were used for retransformation. |
| | + | 01 Patrick The K10_Cas3 overnight culture was miniprepped. Overnight cultures for psBIK3_pAraC, psBIK3_pLsrR, |
| | + | as well as K10_Cascade and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP (some late colonies grew) were inoculated. |
| | + | 02 Patrick Glycerol stocks for psBIK3_pAraC were prepared, there was no growth in psBIK3_pLsrR overnight |
| | + | cultures. After Miniprep of rpsBIK3_pAraC, K10_Cascade and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP the plasmids (also K10_Cas3) |
| | + | were digested and a gel ectrophoresis was run. It showed the transformation of empty backbone in K10_Cascade |
| | + | and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP, successful ligation for psBIK3_pAraC and XY for K10_Cas3 (figure 6). |
| | + | </p> |
| | + | <figure> |
| | + | <a style="font-size: small" |
| | + | href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/8/82/T--Tuebingen--Gel6.png" |
| | + | data-effect="mfp-zoom-out" |
| | + | title="Some title"> |
| | + | <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/8/82/T--Tuebingen--Gel6.png" |
| | class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" | | class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" |
| | alt="A generic square placeholder"></a> | | alt="A generic square placeholder"></a> |
| − | <figcaption style="font-size: small; color: #F4F0DE">Fig. 4: EcN growth in different concentrations
| + | <figcaption style="color: #F4F0DE; font-size: small;">Figure 6. 08/02/19 Digestions after Miniprep. |
| − | of Hydrogen Peroxide, infused after two hours of growth at 37°C, pH7 in LB medium. 100µM Hydrogen
| + | Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1 kb, K10_Cas3 1-10, K10_Cascade 1-4, BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP 1-2, |
| − | Peroxide with slightly inhibited growth. Shown are the means of triplicates for each concentration.</figcaption>
| + | positive control, psBIK3_pAraC. Negative results for K10_Cas3, expected at ~4.9 kb, and K10_Cascade, |
| − | </figure>
| + | expected at 6.6 kb. Successful ligation of psBIK3_pAraC, ~ 3 kb.</figcaption> |
| − | <p>
| + | </figure> |
| − | Lastly, we performed dryfreezing and recovered EcN afterwards under control conditions [3][4][5],
| + | </div> |
| − | showing that dryfreezing within skim milk protects the bacteria from substantial death.
| + | </div> |
| − | </p>
| + | </div> |
| − | | + | </div> |
| − | <figure>
| + | <div id="accordion5"> |
| | + | <div class="card"> |
| | + | <div class="card-header" id="headingFive"> |
| | + | <h5 class="mb-0"> |
| | + | <button class="btn btn-one btn-link collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapseFive" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseFive"> |
| | + | Week 5 (05 Aug - 09 Aug) |
| | + | </button> |
| | + | </h5> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | <div id="collapseFive" class="collapse" aria-labelledby="headingThree" data-parent="#accordion5" > |
| | + | <div class="card-body" style="background-color: #232323;"> |
| | + | <p style="color: #F4F0DE"> |
| | + | 05 Patrick Eva Antonia PCR (Q5 polymerase) and PCR (Paq polymerase) was run on the synthesized constructs, |
| | + | they weren’t successful. Cascade and Cas3 were successfully amplified via PCR(Q5). 06 Eva Patrick Antonia |
| | + | A gradient PCR (Q5) was run on the constructs. It was discovered that the currently used agarose was falsely |
| | + | prepared with water instead of TAE-Buffer and was discarded. Cascade, Cas3 and BBa_I13453 (K10) were |
| | + | digested and ligated. 07 Patrick Eva Luzi Antonia A new PCR (Q5) was run on the synthesized constructs, |
| | + | gelectrophoresis suggested positive apmlification (figure 7). By amplification with accordingly designed primer, |
| | + | K0 has been added a TetR promotor and is now K1. Due to a technical malfunction in the building further |
| | + | work was delayed. |
| | + | </p> |
| | + | <figure> |
| | <a style="font-size: small" | | <a style="font-size: small" |
| − | href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/9/90/T--Tuebingen--Dryfreeze-white.png" | + | href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/4/46/T--Tuebingen--Gel7.png" |
| | data-effect="mfp-zoom-out" | | data-effect="mfp-zoom-out" |
| | title="Some title"> | | title="Some title"> |
| − | <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/9/90/T--Tuebingen--Dryfreeze-white.png" | + | <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/4/46/T--Tuebingen--Gel7.png" |
| | class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" | | class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" |
| | alt="A generic square placeholder"></a> | | alt="A generic square placeholder"></a> |
| − | <figcaption style="font-size: small; color: #F4F0DE">Fig. 5: EcN growth of cultures previously
| + | <figcaption style="color: #F4F0DE; font-size: small;">Figure 7. 08/08/19 PCR of synthesized constructs. |
| − | subjected to a dryfreeze protocol. Shown are the mean values of triplicates of cultures
| + | Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1kb, K1 (expected at 660bp), K3 (expected at 1 kb), |
| − | grown at 37°C, pH7 in LB grown for recovery.</figcaption>
| + | K4 (expected at 1 kb), K6 (expected at 1.5 kb), K7 (expected at 700 bp), K15 (expected at 1 kb).</figcaption> |
| − | </figure>
| + | </figure> |
| − | <p>
| + | </div> |
| − | Anaerobic conditions were used to characterize EcN growth under the circumstances provided in
| + | </div> |
| − | the human intestines. Thus, as a control we compared EcN growth in LB medium versus mGAM medium
| + | </div> |
| − | under anaerobic conditions, showing that mGAM, a medium designed for anaerobic application,
| + | </div> |
| − | is in fact a more suitable medium. Then, we subjected the bacteria to metformin treatment,
| + | <div id="accordion6"> |
| − | since it is one of the most common treatments of diabetes and is known to accumulate to 720 µM
| + | <div class="card"> |
| − | to 7,2 mM within the intestines due to low bioavailability. [6][7]. We showed that EcN growth
| + | <div class="card-header" id="headingSix"> |
| − | is not substantially influenced by 1,3 mM of metformin into mGAM medium. Moreover, we tested for
| + | <h5 class="mb-0"> |
| − | EcN’s resistance against cholic acid, since it is commonly secreted into the ileum. Here, we
| + | <button class="btn btn-one btn-link collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapseSix" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSix"> |
| − | added 0.25 mM of cholic acid to mGAM medium, considering that the concentration of free bile
| + | Week 6 (12 Aug - 16 Aug) |
| − | salts may rise to 0.25 to 1 mM of total bile salts in the Ileum, with cholic acid only being
| + | </button> |
| − | one component [8][9]. Our results suggest that EcN growth is not greatly influenced by cholic acid.
| + | </h5> |
| − | </p>
| + | </div> |
| − | <figure>
| + | <div id="collapseSix" class="collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSix" data-parent="#accordion6" > |
| | + | <div class="card-body" style="background-color: #232323;"> |
| | + | <p style="color: #F4F0DE"> |
| | + | 12 Patrick Katharina After respective digestion and DNA clean up, psBC13_K1, psBC13_K3, psBC13_K6, K5_K4, |
| | + | K10_Cas3, K10_Cascade and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP were ligated. 13 Patrick Eva Antonia Marie Yesterday’s ligations |
| | + | were transformed. 14 Luzie Marie Eva A colony PCR (Taq polymerase) was run on psBC13_K1, |
| | + | but the gelelectrophoresis was negative (figure 8). Overnight cultures of psBC13_K1, psBC13_K3, psBC13_K6, |
| | + | K5_K4, K10_Cas3 and K10_Cascade colonies were inoculated. 15 Marie Patrick Eva After Miniprep the plasmids |
| | + | were double digested. Gel electrophoresis suggested successful ligations of psBC13_K6, K10_Cas3, K10_Cascade |
| | + | and BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP (figure 9). 16 Patrick Miniprep of psBC13_K1 was digested but gelectrophoresis was negative. |
| | + | Cascade and Cas3 were amplified by PCR (Q5 polymerase). The synthesized construct K2 arrived, was diluted and |
| | + | amplified via PCR (Q5 polymerase). |
| | + | </p> |
| | + | <figure> |
| | <a style="font-size: small" | | <a style="font-size: small" |
| − | href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/b/b2/T--Tuebingen--anaerobic-all-4x-white.png" | + | href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/2/25/T--Tuebingen--Gel8.png" |
| | data-effect="mfp-zoom-out" | | data-effect="mfp-zoom-out" |
| | title="Some title"> | | title="Some title"> |
| − | <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/b/b2/T--Tuebingen--anaerobic-all-4x-white.png" | + | <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/2/25/T--Tuebingen--Gel8.png" |
| | class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" | | class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" |
| | alt="A generic square placeholder"></a> | | alt="A generic square placeholder"></a> |
| − | <figcaption style="font-size: small; color: #F4F0DE">Fig. 6: EcN growth under four anaerobic
| + | <figcaption style="color: #F4F0DE; font-size: small;">Figure 8. 08/14/19 Colony PCR of psB1C3_K1 |
| − | conditions compared to EcN aerobic growth. Shown are the mean values of four samples
| + | transformation. Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1kb, psB1C3_K0 1-10.</figcaption> |
| − | inoculated with the same overnight culture. Experiments were conducted at 37°C and pH7.
| + | </figure> |
| − | LB aerobic growth as a control. Other samples are LB anaerobic growth, mGAM anaerobic
| + | <figure> |
| − | growth, as well as mGAM medium supplemented with either 1.3 mM Metformin or 0.25mM Cholic
| + | |
| − | Acid. Samples for RNA sequencing were taken after 270 minutes for all anaerobic conditions,
| + | |
| − | since the increase of pressure within the flasks indicated a change of metabolism of EcN to
| + | |
| − | fermentation processes. Aerobic LB growth samples were taken at OD600=1.0.</figcaption>
| + | |
| − | </figure>
| + | |
| − | <p>
| + | |
| − | Finally, we tested EcN interaction with other bacteria by adding bacterial supernatant to our
| + | |
| − | medium. The supernatant was sterilized and provided by Dr. Lisa Maier. We chose Bacteroides
| + | |
| − | thetaiotaomicron, Prevotella copri and Ruminococcus gnavus since they are commonly found within
| + | |
| − | the human microbiome [10]. Bifidobacterium adolescentis was chosen due to its probiotic nature
| + | |
| − | and Clostridium difficile supernatant was used, since it is often found in the microbiome of people
| + | |
| − | with chronic inflammation [10][11]. The results suggest that EcN grows under all additions,
| + | |
| − | however was initially inhibited in its growth by the addition of Bacteroides spp., thus we used
| + | |
| − | these samples for RNA-seq.
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | <figure>
| + | |
| | <a style="font-size: small" | | <a style="font-size: small" |
| − | href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/7/74/T--Tuebingen--bacterial-SN-white.png" | + | href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/c/cc/T--Tuebingen--Gel9.png" |
| | data-effect="mfp-zoom-out" | | data-effect="mfp-zoom-out" |
| | title="Some title"> | | title="Some title"> |
| − | <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/7/74/T--Tuebingen--bacterial-SN-white.png" | + | <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/c/cc/T--Tuebingen--Gel9.png" |
| | + | class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" |
| | + | alt="A generic square placeholder image"></a> |
| | + | <figcaption style="color: #F4F0DE; font-size: small;">Figure 9. 08/15/19 Digestions after Miniprep. |
| | + | Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1kb, psB1C3_K6 1, empty, psB1C3_K6 2, psB1C3_K3 1-2, K10_Cas3 |
| | + | 1-2, K10_Cascade 1-2, BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP 1-4. K6 expected at ~2 kb and 1.5 kb, K3 expected at |
| | + | ~2 kb and 1 kb, Cas3 expected at ~2.4 kb, ~2 kb and ~0.3 kb, Cascade expected at ~5.1 kb, ~1,2 kb |
| | + | and ~0.3 kb, RFP expected at ~2 kb and ~1 kb. </figcaption> |
| | + | </figure> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | <div id="accordion7"> |
| | + | <div class="card"> |
| | + | <div class="card-header" id="headingSeven"> |
| | + | <h5 class="mb-0"> |
| | + | <button class="btn btn-one btn-link collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#collapseSeven" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="collapseSeven"> |
| | + | Week 7 (19 Aug - 23 Aug) |
| | + | </button> |
| | + | </h5> |
| | + | </div> |
| | + | <div id="collapseSeven" class="collapse" aria-labelledby="headingSeven" data-parent="#accordion7" > |
| | + | <div class="card-body" style="background-color: #232323;"> |
| | + | <p style="color: #F4F0DE"> |
| | + | 19 Patrick Jakob Eva After respective digestion and DNA clean up, psB1C3_K1, psB1C3_K3, psB1C3_K7 and |
| | + | K5_K4 were ligated. The BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP plasmid was digested to isolate Mnt_RFP by gel extraction |
| | + | (figure 10). The backbone pSB1K3 was digested with respective enzymes and pSB1K3_Mnt_RFP was ligated. |
| | + | K1, K2, K3, K4, K7 and K15 were amplified via PCR (Q5 polymerase) with a new programm. 20 Eva Patrick |
| | + | Last weeks psBC13_K6, K10_Cas3 and K10_Cascade were sent off to Sanger sequencing. Yesterday’s ligations |
| | + | were transformed as well as K10_Cascade retransformed. 21 Marie Zoe Patrick A new batch of competent cells |
| | + | was prepared and overnight cultures of psB1C3_K1, psB1C3_K7, K5_K4 and K10_Cascade inoculated. 22 Patrick |
| | + | Eva Sanger Sequencing was positive on K10_Cascade. Chloramphenicol and Kanamycin plates were prepared. |
| | + | After Miniprep of psB1C3_K1, psB1C3_K7, K5_K4 and K10_Cascade the plasmids were digested and run on a gel. |
| | + | Digestions of psB1C3_K1 and K5_K4 were negative. The new competent cells were transformed with psB1C3_K3, |
| | + | psB1K3_Mnt_RFP and iGEM competent cell test plasmids. 23 Marie Patrick The constructs K1, K2, K3, K4, K7 |
| | + | and K15 were amplified by PCR (Q5 polymerase). Double digestion of psB1C3_K7 and K10_Cascade was repeated. |
| | + | The gel electrophoresis suggested XY (figure 11). |
| | + | </p> |
| | + | <figure> |
| | + | <a style="font-size: small" |
| | + | href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/7/77/T--Tuebingen--Gel10.png" |
| | + | data-effect="mfp-zoom-out" |
| | + | title="Some title"> |
| | + | <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/7/77/T--Tuebingen--Gel10.png" |
| | class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" | | class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" |
| | alt="A generic square placeholder"></a> | | alt="A generic square placeholder"></a> |
| − | <figcaption style="font-size: small; color: #F4F0DE">Fig. 7: EcN growth in mGAM medium under
| + | <figcaption style="color: #F4F0DE; font-size: small;">Figure 10. 08/19/19 Digestion of BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP |
| − | anaerobic conditions at 37°C, pH 7 supplemented with either 50% supernatant of different
| + | for gel extraction. Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1 kb, BBa_R0073(Mnt)_RFP. |
| − | species or 50% of water as a control for depleted nutrients. All cultures were inoculated
| + | Desired fragment at ~0.5 kb.</figcaption> |
| − | with the same overnight culture of EcN. Bacteroides spp. with strongest change in growth
| + | </figure> |
| − | within the first 200 min of the experiment. Shown are mean values of four samples each.
| + | <figure> |
| − | Bacteroides samples were taken for RNA sequencing after 225 minutes.</figcaption>
| + | |
| − | </figure>
| + | |
| − | </div>
| + | |
| − | </div>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | <h2 style="font-family:'Righteous';">RNASeq</h2>
| + | |
| − | <div class="row">
| + | |
| − | <div class="col-12">
| + | |
| − | <p>
| + | |
| − | The transcriptome describes the set of whole RNA molecules in a population of cells and is subject
| + | |
| − | to continuous changes. Understanding the complete transcriptome, the expressed genes, post-transcriptional
| + | |
| − | modifications, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and additional properties of interest is
| + | |
| − | imperative towards understanding genetic cause, disease and possible treatment strategies. | + | |
| − | The inherent complexity of the transcriptome requires precise and scaling analysis techniques. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq),
| + | |
| − | also known as whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing (WTSS), is most commonly used for this purpose,
| + | |
| − | today. It uses next-generation sequencing (NGS) to detect and quantify RNA in biological samples. | + | |
| − | The generated RNA-Seq read data is then analyzed according to a sample RNA-Seq work-flow as shown below.
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | <figure>
| + | |
| | <a style="font-size: small" | | <a style="font-size: small" |
| − | href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/7/7f/T--Tuebingen--RNA-Seq-transparent.png" | + | href="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/9/92/T--Tuebingen--Gel11.png" |
| | data-effect="mfp-zoom-out" | | data-effect="mfp-zoom-out" |
| | title="Some title"> | | title="Some title"> |
| − | <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/7/7f/T--Tuebingen--RNA-Seq-transparent.png" | + | <img src="https://2019.igem.org/wiki/images/9/92/T--Tuebingen--Gel11.png" |
| | class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" | | class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" |
| − | alt="A generic square placeholder image with rounded corners in a figure."></a> | + | alt="A generic square placeholder image"></a> |
| − | </figure> | + | <figcaption style="color: #F4F0DE; font-size: small;">Figure 11. Digestion after Miniprep. |
| − | <p>
| + | Gel loaded (from left to right): Ladder 1 kb, psB1C3_K7 1-2, K10_Cascade 1-5, K10_Cas3.</figcaption> |
| − | We set ourselves the goal of understanding the transcriptomic changes that E.coli Nissle undergoes
| + | </figure> |
| − | under various stress conditions to gain a deeper insight into its responses. Understanding the
| + | </div> |
| − | stress responses of E.coli Nissle could lead to the development of more stress robust strains, | + | </div> |
| − | which not only our project would benefit from, but also scientists working on probiotic drugs in general.
| + | </div> |
| − | </p>
| + | </div> |
| − | <p>
| + | </div> |
| − | We divided our experimental design into two parts. We not only wanted to investigate the effect
| + | |
| − | of environmental stress on E.coli Nissle under aerobic conditions, but were also specifically
| + | |
| − | interested in anaerobic conditions. Hence, our experimental design looks as follows:
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | <p>
| + | |
| − | The respective temperature, pH values and doses were determined by growth curves, shown above.
| + | |
| − | To get the most out of RNA-Seq applied to stress factors, it is important to find the cutoff
| + | |
| − | values, where E.coli Nissle is put under stress the most, but still survives.
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | <p>
| + | |
| − | Sequencing and library preparation was conducted on two sites. All aerobic samples were prepared
| + | |
| − | and sequenced at the NGS Competence Center Tübingen (NCCT), whereas all anaerobic samples were
| + | |
| − | prepared and sequenced at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) in Heidelberg.
| + | |
| − | For more details please visit our <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Tuebingen/Notebook" onclick='window.open("https://2019.igem.org/Team:Tuebingen/Notebook","_self");'>Notebook</a>
| + | |
| − | and <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Tuebingen/Attributions" onclick='window.open("https://2019.igem.org/Team:Tuebingen/Attributions","_self");'>Attributions</a>.
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | </div>
| + | |
| − | </div>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | <h2 style="font-family:'Righteous';">Data Analysis</h2>
| + | |
| − | <div class="row">
| + | |
| − | <div class="col-12">
| + | |
| − | <p>Quality Control Differential Expression Analysis
| + | |
| − | Pathway Analysis</p>
| + | |
| − | </div>
| + | |
| − | </div>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | <h2 style="font-family:'Righteous'; color:#2ecc71;">Metabolic Model</h2>
| + | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
| − | <div class="row">
| |
| − | <div class="col-12">
| |
| − | <p>Insert here</p>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | </div>
| |
| | | | |
| | </div> | | </div> |