Difference between revisions of "Team:Stuttgart/Results"

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<script src="https://2019.igem.org/Template:Stuttgart/Charts?action=raw&amp;ctype=text/javascript"></script>
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<div class="column full_size">
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    .sticky {
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<h1>Results</h1>
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        position: sticky;
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<p>Here you can describe the results of your project and your future plans. </p>
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        top: 10rem;
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</div>
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        scroll-behavior: smooth
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</style>
  
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<div class="column third_size" >
 
  
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<h3>What should this page contain?</h3>
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<section class="hero is-primary">
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<ul>
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    <div class="hero-body">
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<li> Clearly and objectively describe the results of your work.</li>
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        <div class="container has-text-centered">
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<li> Future plans for the project. </li>
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            <h2 class="subtitle">
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<li> Considerations for replicating the experiments. </li>
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                Project
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</ul>
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            </h2>
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</div>
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            <h1 class="title">
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                Results
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            </h1>
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        </div>
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    </div>
  
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    <div class="hero-foot">
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        <nav class="tabs is-boxed is-fullwidth is-large">
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            <div class="container">
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                <ul>
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                    <li class="tab is-active" onclick="openTab(event,'Autolysis')"><a>Autolysis</a></li>
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                </ul>
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            </div>
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        </nav>
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    </div>
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</section>
  
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<div class="container section">
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    <div id="Autolysis" class="content-tab">
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        <div class="container">
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            <h2 class="title is-3">Autolysis in combination with bead-milling Results</h2>
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            <p>Yeast extract is mostly obtained by autolysis [1]. In autolysis cells digest their own cell compounds
 +
                with their own enzymes [2]. The idea was to transfer this commonly used principal on algae. Therefore,
 +
                <em>C. vulgaris </em>and <em>C. sorokiniana </em>were heated to 50&nbsp;&deg;C in alkaline or acidic
 +
                environment for 41&nbsp;h. To further crack the cell wall, both algae were treated with bead-milling
 +
                afterwards. To quantify the success of cell wall disruption free amino acids were measured with
 +
                rFAN-assay.</p>
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            <br/>
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            <p>The yield of free amino acids was set into relation with the amount of biomass used in the experiment
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                (figure 1).</p>
  
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            </div>
  
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<div class="column two_thirds_size" >
 
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<h3>Describe what your results mean </h3>
 
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<ul>
 
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<li> Interpretation of the results obtained during your project. Don't just show a plot/figure/graph/other, tell us what you think the data means. This is an important part of your project that the judges will look for. </li>
 
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<li> Show data, but remember <b>all measurement and characterization data must also be on the part's Main Page on the Registry.</b> Otherwise these data will not be in consideration for any medals or part awards! </li>
 
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<li> Consider including an analysis summary section to discuss what your results mean. Judges like to read what you think your data means, beyond all the data you have acquired during your project. </li>
 
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</ul>
 
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</div>
 
  
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            <script>
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                            labels: ["yeast pH3",
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                                "yeast pH12",
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                                "C.vulgaris pH3",
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                                "C.vulgaris pH12",
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                                "C.sorokeniana pH3",
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                                "C.sorokeniana pH12",
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                                {
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                                    label: "Population (millions)",
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                                        4.852523798,
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                                        0.021842627,
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                            responsive: true,
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<div class="column two_thirds_size" >
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                                position: 'top',
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<h3> Project Achievements </h3>
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                            }
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                        }
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<p>You can also include a list of bullet points (and links) of the successes and failures you have had over your summer. It is a quick reference page for the judges to see what you achieved during your summer.</p>
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                    });
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<ul>
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<li>A list of linked bullet points of the successful results during your project</li>
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<li>A list of linked bullet points of the unsuccessful results during your project. This is about being scientifically honest. If you worked on an area for a long time with no success, tell us so we know where you put your effort.</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="column third_size" >
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<div class="highlight decoration_A_full">
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<h3>Inspiration</h3>
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<p>See how other teams presented their results.</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="http://2014.igem.org/Team:TU_Darmstadt/Results/Pathway">2014 TU Darmstadt </a></li>
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<li><a href="http://2014.igem.org/Team:Imperial/Results">2014 Imperial </a></li>
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<li><a href="http://2014.igem.org/Team:Paris_Bettencourt/Results">2014 Paris Bettencourt </a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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            </script>
  
 +
            <small>Figure 1 -Autolysis and subsequent bead-milling of algae C. vulgaris and C. sorokiniana. The
 +
                percentage of free amino acids [%] relates to the biomass used in the experiment.</small>
 +
            <br>
 +
            <p>The highest amounts of free amino acids were reached with yeast at pH 12 with 4.85&nbsp;%. Both algae
 +
                showed very low yield in free amino acids. The best results showed <em>C. sorokiniana</em> at pH&nbsp;12.
 +
                It is possible, that the amount of glass beads and the size of the glass beads were to little, which led
 +
                to less cell wall disruption. Therefore, amino acids would have been retained within the cells. This
 +
                would explain the little amounts of free amino acids achieved with this method. Also, <em>C.
 +
                    vulgaris </em>and <em>C. sorokinia </em>have a cell wall, in contrast to yeast [3]. Cell walls are
 +
                harder to break, than a plasma membrane. This could explain the difference between the yeast samples and
 +
                the algae samples. Due to the low yield in free amino acids, it was decided to investigate other methods
 +
                for cell extraction of algae.</p>
 +
            <p>&nbsp;</p>
  
 +
            <div class="notification">
 +
                <h3 class="title is-5">References</h3>
 +
                <ol>
 +
                    <li>Kim et al., &ldquo;Preparation of flavor-enhancing yeast extract using a Saccharomyces
 +
                        cerevisiae strain with high RNA content&rdquo;, Korean J Food Sci Technol, 31 (2) (1999), pp.
 +
                        475-481.
 +
                    </li>
 +
                    <li>T.L. Babayan, M.G. Bezrukov, &ldquo;Autolysis in yeasts&rdquo;, Acta Biotechnol, 5 (2)
 +
                        (1985), pp. 129-136.
 +
                    </li>
 +
                    <li>van der Rest, M E et al. &ldquo;The plasma membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: structure,
 +
                        function, and biogenesis.&rdquo; Microbiological reviews vol. 59,2 (1995): 304-22.
 +
                    </li>
 +
                    <li>Takeda, &ldquo;Classification of Chlorella strains by cell wall sugar composition&rdquo;
 +
                        Phytochemistry, vol. 27, 12, (1988), pp. 3823-3826.
 +
                    </li>
 +
                </ol>
 +
            </div>
 +
        </div>
 +
    </div>
  
  
 
</html>
 
</html>

Revision as of 17:29, 20 October 2019

Project

Results

Autolysis in combination with bead-milling Results

Yeast extract is mostly obtained by autolysis [1]. In autolysis cells digest their own cell compounds with their own enzymes [2]. The idea was to transfer this commonly used principal on algae. Therefore, C. vulgaris and C. sorokiniana were heated to 50 °C in alkaline or acidic environment for 41 h. To further crack the cell wall, both algae were treated with bead-milling afterwards. To quantify the success of cell wall disruption free amino acids were measured with rFAN-assay.


The yield of free amino acids was set into relation with the amount of biomass used in the experiment (figure 1).

Figure 1 -Autolysis and subsequent bead-milling of algae C. vulgaris and C. sorokiniana. The percentage of free amino acids [%] relates to the biomass used in the experiment.

The highest amounts of free amino acids were reached with yeast at pH 12 with 4.85 %. Both algae showed very low yield in free amino acids. The best results showed C. sorokiniana at pH 12. It is possible, that the amount of glass beads and the size of the glass beads were to little, which led to less cell wall disruption. Therefore, amino acids would have been retained within the cells. This would explain the little amounts of free amino acids achieved with this method. Also, C. vulgaris and C. sorokinia have a cell wall, in contrast to yeast [3]. Cell walls are harder to break, than a plasma membrane. This could explain the difference between the yeast samples and the algae samples. Due to the low yield in free amino acids, it was decided to investigate other methods for cell extraction of algae.

 

References

  1. Kim et al., “Preparation of flavor-enhancing yeast extract using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with high RNA content”, Korean J Food Sci Technol, 31 (2) (1999), pp. 475-481.
  2. T.L. Babayan, M.G. Bezrukov, “Autolysis in yeasts”, Acta Biotechnol, 5 (2) (1985), pp. 129-136.
  3. van der Rest, M E et al. “The plasma membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: structure, function, and biogenesis.” Microbiological reviews vol. 59,2 (1995): 304-22.
  4. Takeda, “Classification of Chlorella strains by cell wall sugar composition” Phytochemistry, vol. 27, 12, (1988), pp. 3823-3826.