Difference between revisions of "Team:Cornell/Human Practices"

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{{Cornell}}
 
 
<html>
 
<html>
 +
<head>
 +
    <style>
 +
        /* hides "Team:Cornell" and iGEM logo */
 +
        #top_title {
 +
            display: none;
 +
        }
  
−
<div class="column full_size judges-will-not-evaluate">
+
        /* removes padding below footer */
−
<h3>★  ALERT! </h3>
+
        #globalWrapper {
−
<p>This page is used by the judges to evaluate your team for the <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Judging/Medals">medal criterion</a> or <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Judging/Awards"> award listed below</a>. </p>
+
            padding: 0;
−
<p> Delete this box in order to be evaluated for this medal criterion and/or award. See more information at <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Judging/Pages_for_Awards"> Instructions for Pages for awards</a>.</p>
+
        }
−
</div>
+
  
 +
        #content {
 +
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 +
            width: 100% !important;
 +
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 +
            margin-left: 0px ;
 +
        }
  
−
<div class="clear"></div>
+
        /* removes default styling for home banner tagline */
 +
        #HQ_page p {
 +
            font-family: 'Opens Sans', sans-serif;
 +
            font-size: 15px;
 +
        }
  
 +
        /* removes small extra margin at very bottom below footer */
 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
        /* removes bullets from Toolkit dropdown menu */
 +
        ul {
 +
            list-style-image: none;
 +
        }
  
−
<div class="column full_size">
+
            /********************************* PRACTICES TIMELINE  ********************************/
 +
       
 +
        .timeline {
 +
            position: relative;
 +
            margin-top: 100px;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
       
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 +
        transform: translate(-50%, -52%);
 +
        height: 1250px;
 +
        top: 650px;
 +
    }
  
−
<h1>Human Practices</h1>
+
    .ideation-timeline::before {
−
<p>
+
        transform: translate(-50%, -51%);
−
At iGEM we believe societal considerations should be upfront and integrated throughout the design and execution of synthetic biology projects. “Human Practices” refers to iGEM teams’ efforts to actively consider how the world affects their work and the work affects the world. Through your Human Practices activities, your team should demonstrate how you have thought carefully and creatively about whether your project is responsible and good for the world. We invite you to explore issues relating (but not limited) to the ethics, safety, security, and sustainability of your project, and to show how this exploration feeds back into your project purpose, design and execution.
+
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−
</p>
+
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 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
       
 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
       
 +
       
 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
            padding-top: 25px;
 +
            width: 80%;
 +
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 +
       
  
 +
        .date {
 +
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 +
              font-style: italic;
 +
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 +
              padding-bottom: 0;
 +
        }
  
−
<p>For more information, please see the <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Human_Practices">Human Practices Hub</a>. There you will find:</p>
+
        .timeline-content h3 {
−
+
            font-weight: bold;
−
<ul>
+
            font-size: 20px;
−
<li> an <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Human_Practices/Introduction">introduction</a> to Human Practices at iGEM </li>
+
        }
−
<li>tips on <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Human_Practices/How_to_Succeed">how to succeed</a> including explanations of judging criteria and advice about how to conduct and document your Human Practices work</li>
+
−
<li>descriptions of <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Human_Practices/Examples">exemplary work</a> to inspire you</li>
+
−
<li>links to helpful <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Human_Practices/Resources">resources</a></li>
+
−
<li>and more! </li>
+
−
</ul>
+
−
+
  
 +
        .timeline-content p {
 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
       
 +
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 +
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 +
            text-align: center;
 +
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 +
        @media (max-width: 995px) {
 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
            }
 +
        }
 +
        /********************************* END PRACTICES TIMELINE  ********************************/
 +
        /* Typography */
 +
       
 +
        .text-left {
 +
            text-align: left;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
        .tab-section-01 {
 +
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 +
              flex-direction: row;
 +
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−
<p>On this page, your team should document all of your Human Practices work and activities. You should write about the Human Practices topics you considered in your project, document any activities you conducted to explore these topics (such as engaging with experts and stakeholders), describe why you took a particular approach (including referencing any work you built upon), and explain if and how you integrated takeaways from your Human Practices work back into your project purpose, design and/or execution. </p>
+
    .timeline-nav>ul>li>a {
−
+
        text-decoration: none;
−
<p>If your team has gone above and beyond in work related to safety, then you should document this work on your Safety wiki page and provide a description and link on this page. If your team has developed education and public engagement efforts that go beyond a focus on your particular project, and for which would like to nominate your team for the Best Education and Public Engagement Special Prize, you should document this work on your <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Cornell/Public_Engagement">Education and Education wiki page</a> and provide a description and link here. </p>
+
        color: #016C64;
−
</div>
+
        font-size: 16px;
−
+
    }
−
<div class="clear"></div>
+
  
−
+
    .timeline-nav>ul>li {
−
<div class="column full_size">
+
        list-style: none !important;
−
<div class="highlight decoration_background">
+
        margin-bottom: 15px !important;
−
<p>The iGEM judges will review this page to assess whether you have met the Silver and/or Gold medal requirements based on the Integrated Human Practices criteria listed below. If you nominate your team for the <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Judging/Awards">Best Integrated Human Practices Special Prize</a> by filling out the corresponding field in the <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Judging/Judging_Form">judging form</a>, the judges will also review this page to consider your team for that prize.
+
    }
−
</p>
+
−
</div>
+
−
</div>
+
  
−
<div class="clear extra_space"></div>
+
    .timeline-nav {
 +
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 +
        margin-right: 40px !important;
 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
            .tab-section-01 .tabs li {
 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
                width: 100%;
 +
                padding: 10px 35px;
 +
            }
 +
        } */
  
 +
        /******************** GENERAL PAGES START ********************/
 +
       
 +
    /******************** ALL FONTS START ********************/
 +
    @import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Merriweather|Open+Sans:400,700|Raleway');
 +
    @font-face {
 +
        font-family: 'Futura';
 +
        src: url('../futura/futura\ medium\ bt.ttf');
 +
    }
  
−
<div class="column full_size">
+
    body {
−
+
        font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
−
<h3>Silver Medal Criterion #3</h3>
+
    }
−
<p>Convince the judges you have thought carefully and creatively about whether your work is responsible and good for the world. Document how you have investigated these issues, how you engaged with communities relevant to your goals, why you chose this approach, what you have learned, and the potential impact of your project’s success.  </p>
+
  
 +
    .dropbtn, .dropdown-content {
 +
        font-size: 16px;
 +
    }
  
−
<h3>Gold Medal Criterion #1</h3>
+
    .standard-page-banner > svg > text, .content-title, .standard-page-side-bar-wrapper, .timeline-nav, .date, h3 {
−
<p>Expand on your silver medal activity by demonstrating how you have integrated the investigated issues into the purpose, design, and/or execution of your project. Document your process and describe how your human practices work informed and shaped your project at different stages.
+
        font-family: 'Futura', sans-serif;
−
</p>
+
    }
−
</div>
+
    /******************** ALL FONTS END ********************/
  
 +
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 +
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 +
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            height: 100%;
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 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
       
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 +
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 +
        padding-bottom: 30px;
 +
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 +
        height: 100px;
 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
        margin-left: 80px;
 +
        margin-top: -5px;
 +
    }
  
−
<div class="clear extra_space"></div>
+
    .nav-bar-logo img {
 +
        width: 140px;
 +
    }
  
 +
    .nav-bar-main-menu {
 +
        font-family: 'Raleway', sans-serif;
 +
    }
 +
       
 +
        .banner-container {
 +
            display: flex;
 +
            flex-direction: row;
 +
            flex-wrap: wrap;
 +
            justify-content: center;
 +
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 +
       
 +
        .dropbtn {
 +
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 +
            text-decoration: none;
 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
            color: #fff;
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 +
       
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 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
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 +
       
 +
        .dropdown {
 +
            position: relative;
 +
            vertical-align: top;
 +
            display: inline-block;
 +
            float: right;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .dropdown ul {
 +
            list-style-type: none;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .dropdown a {
 +
            position: relative;
 +
            display: inline-block;
 +
            color: #e8b023;
 +
            text-decoration: none;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .dropdown-content {
 +
            display: none;
 +
            position: absolute;
 +
            background-color: #016C64;
 +
            color: #ffffff;
 +
            width: 200px;
 +
            font-size: 14px;
 +
            box-shadow: 0px 8px 16px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
 +
            z-index: 1;
 +
        }
  
 +
      .dropdown-content a:hover {
 +
          background-color: #a0e0bd !important;
 +
      }
 +
       
 +
        .toolkit-dropdown-content {
 +
            width: 630px;
 +
            left: -160px;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .modeling-dropdown-content {
 +
            left: -40px;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .human-dropdown-content {
 +
            left: 12px;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .outreach-dropdown-content {
 +
            width: 230px;
 +
            left: -40px;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .team-dropdown-content {
 +
            width: 140px;
 +
            left: -35px;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .dropdown-content a {
 +
            color: #ffffff;
 +
            padding: 12px 16px;
 +
            text-decoration: none !important;
 +
            display: block;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .wet-lab-list-title,
 +
        .doc-list-title,
 +
        .pd-list-title {
 +
            padding-top: 12px;
 +
            padding-left: 16px;
 +
            padding-bottom: 14px;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .nav-second-col {
 +
            margin-left: 30px;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .nav-third-col {
 +
            margin-left: 30px;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .dropbtn:hover,
 +
        .active-page {
 +
            color: #016C64;
 +
            transition-duration: 0.5s;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .dropdown-content a:hover {
 +
            color: #016C64;
 +
            background-color: #ffffff;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .dropdown:hover .dropdown-content {
 +
            display: block;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        footer {
 +
            padding: 35px;
 +
            position: relative;
 +
            text-align: center;
 +
            background-color: #a0e0bd;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .footer-wrapper {
 +
            margin: auto;
 +
            display: inline-block;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .icon-wrapper {
 +
            display: inline-block;
 +
            position: relative;
 +
            padding-right: 18px;
 +
            padding-left: 18px;
 +
            border-right: 0.5px solid white;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .icon-wrapper-last {
 +
            border-right: none;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .icon {
 +
            margin: 16px;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .icon img {
 +
            height: 24px;
 +
        }
 +
        /******************** GENERAL PAGES END ********************/
 +
        /******************** STANDARD PAGE START ********************/
 +
       
 +
        .standard-page-banner {
 +
            background-image: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/f/f0/T--Cornell--human-practices.jpeg);
 +
            background-size: cover;
 +
            font-family: Raleway;
 +
            fill: black;
 +
            font-size: 10px;
 +
            background-position-y: -120px;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .standard-page-side-bar-content-wrapper {
 +
            padding: 5% 0;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .standard-page-side-bar>li>a {
 +
            text-decoration: none;
 +
            color: #016C64;
 +
            font-weight: bold;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .standard-page-side-bar {
 +
            list-style-type: none;
 +
            font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
 +
            padding-left: 15px;
 +
            padding-right: 15px;
 +
            vertical-align: middle;
 +
            margin: 0;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .standard-page-side-bar>li {
 +
            margin-bottom: 15px;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .content-title {
 +
        font-size: 24px;
 +
        color: #000 !important;
 +
        position: relative;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .green-accent-line-left {
 +
            border: #a0e0bd solid 1px;
 +
            display: block;
 +
            align: left;
 +
            width: 80px;
 +
        }
  
−
<div class="column full_size">
+
        .green-accent-line-left2 {
−
<h3>Best Integrated Human Practices Special Prize</h3>
+
            border: #016C64 solid 1px;
 +
            display: block;
 +
            align: left;
 +
            width: 80px;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .standard-page-content-subheading {
 +
            font-family: 'Merriweather', serif;
 +
            font-size: 18px;
 +
            font-weight: 1;
 +
            color: #000;
 +
            padding-top: 8%;
 +
            padding-bottom: 0;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .text-justify {
 +
            font-size: 16px;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .timeline-block .text-justify {
 +
          font-size: 16px;
 +
        }
  
−
<p>To compete for the Best Integrated Human Practices prize, please describe your work on this page and also fill out the description on the judging form. </p>
+
        .timeline-img-wrapper {
 +
          margin-left: 8%;
 +
        }
  
−
<p>How does your project affect society and how does society influence the direction of your project? How might ethical considerations and stakeholder input guide your project purpose and design and the experiments you conduct in the lab? How does this feedback enter into the process of your work all through the iGEM competition? Document a thoughtful and creative approach to exploring these questions and how your project evolved in the process to compete for this award!</p>
+
        .pp-page-content-wrapper {
 +
            padding: 80px 80px 0px 80px;
 +
        }
  
−
<p>You must also delete the message box on the top of this page to be eligible for this prize.</p>
+
        /* .pp-page-content-wrapper hr {
 +
            margin-top: 60px;
 +
            margin-bottom: 50px;
 +
        } */
  
−
</div>
+
        .pp-tab-content {
 +
            margin-top: 80px;
 +
        }
 +
 
 +
        .pp-page-content, .timeline-section {
 +
            padding-top: 5%;
 +
            padding-bottom: 5%;
 +
        }
 +
 
 +
        /******************** NOTEBOOK PAGE END ********************/
 +
        /******************** ATRIBUTIONS PAGE START ********************/
 +
       
 +
        .attributions-body-text {
 +
            font-family: 'Open Sans', serif;
 +
            font-size: 16px;
 +
            color: white;
 +
        }
 +
        /******************** STANDARD PAGE END ********************/
 +
        /******************** STANDARD PAGE GRID START ********************/
 +
       
 +
        nav {
 +
            grid-area: navbar;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .nav-bar-main-menu .dropdown:nth-child(5) .dropdown-contentx {
 +
            display: grid;
 +
            grid-template-columns: auto auto auto;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .nav-first-col {
 +
            display: inline-grid;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .nav-second-col {
 +
            display: inline-grid;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .nav-third-col {
 +
            display: inline-grid;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        nav {
 +
            grid-area: navbar;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .standard-page-wrapper {
 +
            display: grid;
 +
            grid-template-columns: auto;
 +
            grid-template-rows: 100px 550px auto 100px;
 +
            grid-template-areas: "navbar" "standardpagebanner" "pandppagecontent" "footer";
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .standard-page-banner {
 +
            grid-area: standardpagebanner;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        .pp-page-content-wrapper {
 +
            grid-area: pandppagecontent;
 +
        }
 +
       
 +
        footer {
 +
            grid-area: footer;
 +
        }
 +
 
 +
        a.icon {
 +
            padding: 0 !important;
 +
        }
 +
 
 +
      /******************** STANDARD PAGE GRID END ********************/ 
 +
 +
/*!
 +
* Bootstrap v3.3.5 (http://getbootstrap.com)
 +
* Copyright 2011-2015 Twitter, Inc.
 +
* Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/master/LICENSE)
 +
*/
 +
 
 +
/*!
 +
* Generated using the Bootstrap Customizer (http://getbootstrap.com/customize/?id=1d314d7a2e5913f297ce)
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* Config saved to config.json and https://gist.github.com/1d314d7a2e5913f297ce
 +
*//*!
 +
* Bootstrap v3.3.5 (http://getbootstrap.com)
 +
* Copyright 2011-2015 Twitter, Inc.
 +
* Licensed under MIT (https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/master/LICENSE)
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    <meta charset="UTF-8">
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    <title>Practices</title>
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    <meta name="description" content="Practices">
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    <title>Team:Cornell - 2019.igem.org</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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    <div class = "standard-page-wrapper">
 +
        <!------------------------ NAV BAR START ------------------------>
 +
        <nav>
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            <div class="nav-bar-wrapper">
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                <div class="nav-bar-logo">
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                        <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Cornell"><img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/9/94/T--Cornell--Logo.png" alt="reHAB"></a>
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                        <button class="dropbtn">TEAM</button>
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                            <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Cornell/Team">BIOS</a>
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                            <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Cornell/Sponsors">SPONSORS</a>
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                            <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Cornell/Attributions">ATTRIBUTIONS</a>
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                            <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Cornell/Public_Engagement">EDUCATION & ENGAGEMENT</a>
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                            <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Cornell/Collaborations">COLLABORATIONS</a>
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                            <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Cornell/Human_Practices">INTEGRATED PRACTICES</a>
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                            <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Cornell/Policies">POLICIES</a>
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                            <a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Cornell/Entrepreneurship">ENTREPRENEURSHIP</a>
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                                    <li class="wet-lab-list-title"><b>WET LAB</b></li>
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                                    <li><a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Cornell/Foundations">FOUNDATIONS</a></li>
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                                    <li><a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Cornell/Demonstrate">DEMONSTRATE</a></li>
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                                    <li><a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Cornell/Parts">PARTS</a></li>
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                                    <li><a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Cornell/BasicParts">BASIC PARTS</a></li>
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                                    <li><a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Cornell/CompositeParts">COMPOSITE PARTS</a></li>
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                                </div>
 +
                                <div class="nav-second-col">
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                                    <li class="pd-list-title"><b>PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT</b></li>
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                                    <li><a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Cornell/DesignProcess">DESIGN PROCESS</a></li>
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                                    <li><a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Cornell/Hardware">HARDWARE</a></li>
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                                <div class="nav-third-col">
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                                    <li class="doc-list-title"><b>DOCUMENTATION</b></li>
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                                    <li><a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Cornell/Notebook">NOTEBOOK</a></li>
 +
                                    <li><a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Cornell/Safety">SAFETY</a></li>
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                                </div>
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                            </ul>
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                        </div>
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                        <button class="dropbtn"
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                            onclick="location.href='https://2019.igem.org/Team:Cornell/Description'">ABOUT</button>
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                    <div class="dropdown">
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                        <button class="dropbtn"
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                            onclick="location.href='https://2019.igem.org/Team:Cornell'">HOME</button>
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                    </div>
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        <header class="standard-page-banner">
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            <svg viewBox="0 0 100 100" width=100% height=100%>
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                <text text-anchor="middle" alignment-baseline="middle" x=50% y=50%>Integrated Practices</text>
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            </svg>
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        </header>
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        <!------------------------ STANDARD PAGE BANNER END ------------------------>
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        <!------------------------PRACTICES CONTENT------------------------>
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        <!------------------------OVERVIEW------------------------>
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        <div class = "pp-page-content-wrapper">
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            <section class="pp-page-content">
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                <div>
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                    <div class="content-title">OUR APPROACH</div>
 +
                    <hr class="green-accent-line-left">
 +
                    <div class="text-justify">Before fully forming our idea, we strove to understand the complexity of algal
 +
                        blooms and their effects around Tompkins County. Speaking with local business owners, legislators, and
 +
                        field experts, <b>we realized that blooms affect a large subset of people in our community.</b> Using
 +
                        personal accounts and expertise, we were able to narrow down our project to two main parts that would
 +
                        effectively address algal blooms in the Finger Lakes: detection and remediation.
 +
                        <br><br> While we were excited to undertake this task, we first needed to determine the direction we
 +
                        wanted to take our idea. We spoke with <b>professional experts</b> and <b>community members</b> to pinpoint
 +
                        our approach to detection, incorporating their thoughts to create an innovative method to quantify microcystin
 +
                        toxicity. As we finalized our detection system, we started pursuing an effective remediation process.
 +
                        Using the feedback of <b>legislators</b> and <b>researchers</b>, we designed our degradation system to
 +
                        expand current legislative initiatives that address HABs. Throughout the entire process, our project
 +
                        integrated diverse perspectives to fabricate a comprehensive solution with people and the environment
 +
                        at its core. Here, we highlight the most impactful interviews that we conducted and how our conversations
 +
                        shaped the course of our project from napkin to prototype.
 +
                    </div>
 +
                </div>
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            </section>
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            <!------------------------END OVERVIEW------------------------>
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            <!------------------------DESCRIPTION------------------------>
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            <section class="pp-page-content">
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                <div class>
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                    <div class="content-title">TIMELINE</div>
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                    <hr class="green-accent-line-left">
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                    <div class="tab-section-01 style-1">
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                        <div class="timeline-nav"><ul class="tabs timeline-button-wrapper">
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                            <li><a href="#tab0tab-1">INSPIRATION</a></li>
 +
                            <li><a href="#tab1tab-1">IDEATION</a></li>
 +
                            <li><a href="#tab2tab-1">IMPLEMENTATION</a></li>
 +
                        </ul></div>
 +
                        <div class="content timeline-content-wrapper">
 +
                            <div id="tab0tab-1" class="timeline-section">
 +
                                <div class="content-title">Inspiration</div>
 +
                                <hr class="green-accent-line-left2">
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                                <!------------------------TIMELINE------------------------>
 +
                                <section class="timeline-section-wrapper">
 +
                                    <div class="timeline inspiration-timeline">
 +
                                        <div class="row timeline-block">
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                                            <div class="col-md-5 timeline-img-wrapper timeline-img-left">
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                                                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/9/9a/T--Cornell--NoahMark.png" alt="pic" class="timeline-img">
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                                            </div>
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                                            <div class="marker"></div>
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                                            <div class="col-md-5 col-md-offset-1 timeline-content timeline-content-right">
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                                                <span class="date">March 8th, 2019</span>
 +
                                                <h3>Noah Mark</h3>
 +
                                                <p class="text-justify">As part of a preliminary exploration into our project
 +
                                                    this year, we met with intern Noah Mark at the Community Science Institute
 +
                                                    (CSI). The CSI is a nonprofit organization in the Ithaca area that is state-certified
 +
                                                    to monitor water quality. Noah Mark works on monitoring and testing water
 +
                                                    collected at different sites on Cayuga Lake. We spoke with him to learn more
 +
                                                    about the prevalence of harmful algal blooms in the Finger Lakes and what
 +
                                                    methods are currently being used to test their toxicity. He and his colleagues
 +
                                                    told us about ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), the method they
 +
                                                    currently use to test blooms on Cayuga Lake. An important takeaway from our
 +
                                                    meeting was that determining the toxicity of cyanobacterial blooms is both
 +
                                                    costly and time-consuming. Noah also suggested focusing on water treatment
 +
                                                    or toxin breakdown, rather than just algae clean-up. Meeting with Noah helped
 +
                                                    us assess which direction we wanted to pursue our project.
 +
                                                </p>
 +
                                            </div>
 +
                                        </div>
 +
 
 +
                                        <div class="row timeline-block">
 +
                                            <div class="marker"></div>
 +
                                            <div class="col-md-5 col-md-offset-1 timeline-content timeline-content-left">
 +
                                                <span class="date">March 12th, 2019</span>
 +
                                                <h3>Dr. Nelson Hairston</h3>
 +
                                                <p class="text-justify">Dr. Nelson Hairston is a professor at Cornell University
 +
                                                    researching freshwater organisms and their ecological and evolutionary response
 +
                                                    to environmental change. We conducted an interview with him to learn more
 +
                                                    about the causes and formation of algal blooms. He told us that a major part
 +
                                                    of formation is phosphorus, which comes from runoff and legacy sediment.
 +
                                                    Additionally, there is the phenomenon of thermal stratification, which leads
 +
                                                    to the build-up of phosphorus at the bottom of a lake. Professor Hairston
 +
                                                    went on to explain that continuous stratification mixes phosphorus into the
 +
                                                    rest of the lake, so it is more common for shallow lakes to have more blooms.
 +
                                                    Consequently, this is why the Finger Lakes region is more subject to HABs
 +
                                                    occurring. Our meeting with Professor Hairston gave us insight on bloom occurrence
 +
                                                    and build-up, and thus, we developed a stronger understanding as to why our
 +
                                                    region is especially affected. </p>
 +
                                            </div>
 +
                                            <div class="col-md-5 col-md-offset-1 timeline-img-wrapper timeline-img-right">
 +
                                                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/b/be/T--Cornell--NelsonHairston.png" alt="pic" class="timeline-img">
 +
                                            </div>
 +
                                        </div>
 +
 
 +
                                        <div class="row timeline-block">
 +
                                            <div class="marker"></div>
 +
                                            <div class="col-md-5 timeline-img-wrapper timeline-img-left">
 +
                                                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/1/16/T--Cornell--PatCrowley.png" alt="pic" class="timeline-img">
 +
                                            </div>
 +
                                            <div class="col-md-5 col-md-offset-1 timeline-content timeline-content-right">
 +
                                                <span class="date">March 21st, 2019</span>
 +
                                                <h3>Pat Crowley</h3>
 +
                                                <p class="text-justify">We met with Pat Crowley, the Merrill Family Sailing Center
 +
                                                    Manager to discuss his experience with algal blooms as someone who frequents
 +
                                                    the lake. Conversing with him helped us gain perspective from someone who
 +
                                                    may not know all of the science behind harmful algal blooms (HABs) but has
 +
                                                    been affected by them. Pat told us that algal blooms impact people’s ability
 +
                                                    to go into the water because the wait time between sampling the water and
 +
                                                    obtaining positive lab results prevents water access until the bloom clears
 +
                                                    up. In addition, there are health risks involved in being near contaminated
 +
                                                    water. For example, humans may have adverse reactions by coming into contact
 +
                                                    with the toxins produced by blooms. His comments inspired us to look further
 +
                                                    into an effective detection and treatment method that would allow for faster
 +
                                                    turnaround than existing methods. <br><br> When we asked him about the possibility
 +
                                                    of building a boat to collect water samples, he advised us to consider the
 +
                                                    size and mobility of our vehicle when navigating “nooks and crannies” on
 +
                                                    a lake (e.g. a dock). His suggestion was later incorporated when we determined
 +
                                                    the dimensions and materials of our boat.
 +
                                                </p>
 +
                                            </div>
 +
                                        </div>
 +
                                    </div>
 +
                                </section>
 +
                                <section class="pp-tab-content">
 +
                                    <div>
 +
                                        <div class="content-title">Booklet Distribution Surveys</div>
 +
                                        <hr class="green-accent-line-left">
 +
                                        <div class="text-justify">Our team believes that members of the community should not
 +
                                            only be aware of the subject matter of our project but properly informed as well.
 +
                                            As such, we decided to create an informational packet that would educate people about
 +
                                            algal blooms. To do this, we first needed to scope out what information people already
 +
                                            knew about harmful algal blooms, so we created a survey to help us understand the
 +
                                            extent of their knowledge. We visited and spoke with community members at Ithaca
 +
                                            Farmers’ Market, Ithaca Commons, and Cornell Campus, and in the end, collected over
 +
                                            50 responses. The charts below show the results of our survey.
 +
                                        </div>
 +
                                        <div class="row">
 +
                                            <div class="col-md-6">
 +
                                                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/d/da/T--Cornell--SurveyResults1.png" alt="pic" class="timeline-img">
 +
                                            </div>
 +
                                            <div class="col-md-6">
 +
                                                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/c/c3/T--Cornell--SurveyResults2.png" alt="pic" class="timeline-img">
 +
                                            </div>
 +
                                        </div>
 +
                                        <div class="row">
 +
                                            <div class="col-md-6">
 +
                                                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/f/fb/T--Cornell--SurveyResults3.png" alt="pic" class="timeline-img">
 +
                                            </div>
 +
                                            <div class="col-md-6">
 +
                                                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/f/fe/T--Cornell--SurveyResults4.png" alt="pic" class="timeline-img">
 +
                                            </div>
 +
                                        </div>
 +
                                        <div class="text-justify">
 +
                                            <br>
 +
                                            The key takeaways from these responses are as follows:
 +
                                            <ul>
 +
                                                <li>While a larger section of people (55%) answered that they either never or
 +
                                                    rarely noticed algal blooms in their local area, there was still a significant
 +
                                                    portion (27.5%) of people that did not know what algal blooms look like.</li>
 +
                                                <li>Most people (60.8%) think it would be very or extremely difficult to distinguish
 +
                                                    between a harmful algal bloom and non-toxic algal bloom.</li>
 +
                                                <li>70.6% of people think HABs have an extreme or significant impact on local
 +
                                                    ecosystems, but only 17.7% think that HABs have the same impact on their
 +
                                                    own daily lives.</li>
 +
                                                <li>74.5% of people would be comfortable seeing an automated boat collecting
 +
                                                    water samples from local lakes.</li>
 +
                                            </ul>
 +
                                            Using these conclusions, we created an informational booklet to serve as an introduction to HABs, including information on
 +
                                            what they are and how they affect the environment. We discuss this booklet in further
 +
                                            detail on our Collaborations page, where we have also included a PDF of the final
 +
                                            version. <br><br>Note: iGEM requires any form of human research to comply with established
 +
                                            ethical standards, hence we consulted the website for Cornell’s Institutional Review
 +
                                            Board. The website included a Decision Tree for determining whether organizations
 +
                                            need to submit an application to the IRB prior to carrying out their research. Since
 +
                                            our research primarily involved anonymous community surveys to gauge the public’s
 +
                                            opinion and knowledge of harmful algal blooms, it was determined that it was not
 +
                                            necessary to submit an application to the IRB.
 +
                                        </div>
 +
                                    </div>
 +
                                </section>
 +
                                <!------------------------END TIMELINE------------------------>
 +
                            </div>
 +
                            <div id="tab1tab-1" class="timeline-section">
 +
                                <div class="content-title">Ideation</div>
 +
                                <hr class="green-accent-line-left2">
 +
                                <!------------------------TIMELINE------------------------>
 +
                                <section>
 +
                                    <div class="timeline ideation-timeline">
 +
                                        <div class="row timeline-block">
 +
                                            <div class="marker"></div>
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                                            <div class="col-md-5 timeline-img-wrapper timeline-img-left">
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                                                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/c/c5/T--Cornell--ShadyAmin.png" alt="pic" class="timeline-img">
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                                            </div>
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 +
                                            <div class="col-md-5 col-md-offset-1 timeline-content timeline-content-right">
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                                                <span class="date">March 21st, 2019</span>
 +
                                                <h3>Shady Amin</h3>
 +
                                                <p class="text-justify">The interview with Shady Amin was conducted over Skype.
 +
                                                    One of the major talking points of the interview was the formation of harmful
 +
                                                    algal blooms (HABs). Generally speaking, it is known that having more nutrients
 +
                                                    in the water, specifically nitrogen and phosphorus, increases the likelihood
 +
                                                    that algal blooms will form. What is unknown, however, is how microcystins
 +
                                                    are formed. Professor Amin theorized that there must be some type of cell-to-cell
 +
                                                    communication between the cyanobacteria that stimulates the growth and formation
 +
                                                    of microcystin-forming bacteria. Professor Amin also mentioned that two of
 +
                                                    the major methods of testing for microcystins are HPLC and ELISA. ELISA is
 +
                                                    a much quicker process than HPLC and has very high throughput. A test using
 +
                                                    ELISA only takes about 2 hours. ELISA, however, is much less accurate and
 +
                                                    worse at determining the concentration of toxins compared to HPLC. HPLC takes
 +
                                                    a much longer time and is very expensive but is extremely accurate and provides
 +
                                                    information on the concentration of microcystins in the water. From our conversation
 +
                                                    with Professor Amin, we noted the importance of finding a solution that is
 +
                                                    more efficient and effective than current methods of detection.
 +
                                                </p>
 +
                                            </div>
 +
                                        </div>
 +
 
 +
                                        <div class="row timeline-block">
 +
                                            <div class="marker"></div>
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 +
                                                <span class="date">March 23rd, 2019</span>
 +
                                                <h3>Julie Lockhart</h3>
 +
                                                <p class="text-justify">Julie Lockhart is the President of the Owasco Watershed Lake Association, which is a nonprofit organization dedicated to protecting Owasco Lake. Julie shared with us a lot of personal experiences with
 +
                                                    algal blooms and how it has been difficult to control and identify where
 +
                                                    the algal blooms would grow and which ones were harmful. One of the major
 +
                                                    complaints Julie had was the identification of HABs from normal algal blooms.
 +
                                                    When she collected a sample of algal bloom, CSI would obtain the sample but
 +
                                                    would have to send them off in order to test them for analysis. The method
 +
                                                    used is usually an ELISA which should not take a very long time to run an
 +
                                                    assay. The results she would receive, however, would take about 3 weeks to
 +
                                                    come in. At that point, the algal bloom is already cleared and the data is
 +
                                                    practically useless. This allowed us to see the need and importance for an
 +
                                                    instantaneous detection method, especially for differentiating between HABs
 +
                                                    and normal algal blooms.</p>
 +
                                            </div>
 +
 
 +
                                            <div class="col-md-5 col-md-offset-1 timeline-img-wrapper timeline-img-right">
 +
                                                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/9/94/T--Cornell--JulieLockhart.png" alt="pic" class="timeline-img">
 +
                                            </div>
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                                        </div>
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 +
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                                                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/3/3f/T--Cornell--MarkWysocki.png" alt="pic" class="timeline-img">
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                                            </div>
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 +
                                            <div class="col-md-5 col-md-offset-1 timeline-content timeline-content-right">
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                                                <span class="date">March 23rd, 2019</span>
 +
                                                <h3>Mark Wysocki</h3>
 +
                                                <p class="text-justify">Mark Wysocki is a senior Lecturer at Cornell whose interests
 +
                                                    lie in Meteorology. In the event <i>Nutrients in the Watershed, Unusual Weather,
 +
                                                        and Harmful Algal Blooms: A Public Conversation</i>, he focused on the
 +
                                                    differences between climate and weather. He discussed the climate around
 +
                                                    Cayuga Lake and how it has changed over time. One of the major points Mark
 +
                                                    Wysocki talked about is how the changing climate contributed to earlier bloom
 +
                                                    seasons, longer bloom seasons, and a higher possibility of runoff to occur.
 +
                                                    With the rise in fluctuations in climate, nutrients also begin to fluctatte
 +
                                                    creating unpredictable patterns in things like algal blooms. In conclusion,
 +
                                                    Mark Wysocki analyzed the relationship between climate change in the Cayuga
 +
                                                    region and the rise in algal bloom appearances.
 +
                                                </p>
 +
                                            </div>
 +
                                        </div>
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 +
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                                                <span class="date">March 23rd, 2019</span>
 +
                                                <h3>Stephen Penningroth</h3>
 +
                                                <p class="text-justify">Stephen Penningroth spoke at an event sponsored by the
 +
                                                    Community Science Institute called <i>Nutrients in the Watershed, Unusual
 +
                                                        Weather, and Harmful Algal Blooms: A Public Conversation</i> at Aurora,
 +
                                                    New York. He presented the section called “Monitoring Phosphorus and Nitrogen
 +
                                                    in the Cayuga Lake Watershed” and discussed some of the volunteer monitoring
 +
                                                    partnerships that help oversee the Cayuga Watershed. Three to four times
 +
                                                    a year, a group will go out to collect samples on Fall Creek at six to seven
 +
                                                    different locations. The lab analyzes the samples for nutrients, bacteria,
 +
                                                    chloride, and mineral parameters. This volunteer system is very low-cost
 +
                                                    and overall works better than a consulting firm. However, the resolution
 +
                                                    of the data could be improved by a more continuous sampling method. His comments
 +
                                                    helped shape our project by steering us towards solutions that can provide
 +
                                                    higher resolution data.
 +
                                                </p>
 +
                                            </div>
 +
 
 +
                                            <div class="col-md-5 col-md-offset-1 timeline-img-wrapper timeline-img-right">
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                                                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/5/5d/T--Cornell--StephenPenningroth.png" alt="pic" class="timeline-img">
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                                            </div>
 +
                                        </div>
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 +
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                                                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/d/d3/T--Cornell--DavidErickson.png" alt="pic" class="timeline-img">
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                                            </div>
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 +
                                            <div class="col-md-5 col-md-offset-1 timeline-content timeline-content-right">
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                                                <span class="date">March 25th, 2019</span>
 +
                                                <h3>David Erickson</h3>
 +
                                                <p class="text-justify">Professor David Erickson’s area of expertise is in microfluidics
 +
                                                    and point-of-care diagnostics. When we initially reached out to Professor
 +
                                                    Erickson, we had been considering the use of microfluidics in our project
 +
                                                    to detect microcystins. However, our team was not very familiar with how
 +
                                                    microfluidics might fit into the scope of our project, so we sought Professor
 +
                                                    Erickson’s advice on which areas we should pay special attention to when
 +
                                                    designing our system. During the meeting, Professor Erickson brought up an
 +
                                                    important point about how water samples tend to be quite dilute so sample
 +
                                                    processing would need to be done before we could test the samples using a
 +
                                                    microfluidics chip. He also mentioned that when deciding on parts for our
 +
                                                    system, we need to consider what kind of information we are trying to obtain
 +
                                                    as well as whether there are any antibodies that are specific to what we
 +
                                                    are trying to detect. Although we ultimately decided not to pursue the route
 +
                                                    of microfluidics as the method of detection for our project, Professor Erickson’s
 +
                                                    suggestions pointed us in the right direction, and we eventually decided
 +
                                                    to use an RNA aptamer for detecting the presence of microcystins in our water
 +
                                                    samples.
 +
                                                </p>
 +
                                            </div>
 +
                                        </div>
 +
                                    </div>
 +
                                </section>
 +
                                <!------------------------END TIMELINE------------------------>
 +
                            </div>
 +
                            <div id="tab2tab-1" class="timeline-section">
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                                <div class="content-title">Implementation</div>
 +
                                <hr class="green-accent-line-left2">
 +
                                <!------------------------TIMELINE------------------------>
 +
                                <section>
 +
                                    <div class="timeline implementation-timeline">
 +
                                        <div class="row timeline-block">
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                                            <div class="col-md-5 timeline-img-wrapper timeline-img-left">
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                                                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/1/1a/T--Cornell--ScottVanGaasbeck.png" alt="pic" class="timeline-img">
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                                            </div>
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                                            <div class="col-md-5 col-md-offset-1 timeline-content timeline-content-right">
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                                                <span class="date">July 2nd, 2019</span>
 +
                                                <h3>Scott Van Gaasbeck</h3>
 +
                                                <p class="text-justify">Our Policy & Practices team went down to the Ithaca Farmers
 +
                                                    Market on Saturday, June 22nd, to gauge the interest of local vendors in
 +
                                                    our project’s topic. One vendor we spoke to was Scott Van Gaasbeck, who runs
 +
                                                    Under the Tree Stoneware &amp Leather Goods. We briefly chatted with Scott
 +
                                                    before exchanging contact information so we could follow-up with more detailed
 +
                                                    questions about his experiences with harmful algal blooms (HABs). During
 +
                                                    our follow-up conversation, Scott confirmed that algal blooms can be seen
 +
                                                    on lakes or ponds in the area during most summers, but it’s difficult to
 +
                                                    distinguish between toxic and non-toxic blooms. He also mentioned that monitoring
 +
                                                    the toxicity levels of algal blooms would be a good idea given the risks
 +
                                                    they pose to human and animal health. When we brought up our team’s idea
 +
                                                    to have a small- to medium-sized boat traversing local lakes to collect water
 +
                                                    samples for detecting toxins, Scott expressed his support and suggested pairing
 +
                                                    our device with satellite technology for locating algal blooms. Scott’s feedback
 +
                                                    provided valuable insight into the thoughts and opinions of community stakeholders,
 +
                                                    which allowed us to ensure that our project aligns with the needs of those
 +
                                                    we aim to help.
 +
                                                </p>
 +
                                            </div>
 +
                                        </div>
 +
 
 +
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 +
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                                                <span class="date">September 6th, 2019</span>
 +
                                                <h3>Deborah Dawson</h3>
 +
                                                <p class="text-justify">Deborah Dawson is a Tompkins County Legislator and the
 +
                                                    chair of the Planning, Energy and Environmental Quality committee. After
 +
                                                    attending the monthly meeting of the committee in July, we reached out to
 +
                                                    Mrs. Dawson to learn what initiatives they were pursuing to address HABs
 +
                                                    in the Finger Lakes region, and more specifically, Cayuga Lake. Mrs. Dawson
 +
                                                    explained to us how each Finger Lake had its own circumstances. Smaller lakes,
 +
                                                    such as Owasco Lake, are mostly contained within one county, whereas larger
 +
                                                    lakes are split between multiple counties. It’s easier to address HABs concerns
 +
                                                    in smaller lakes due to the fact that only a single county has to devote
 +
                                                    their resources to remediation and can prioritize their level of concern.
 +
                                                    With larger lakes, such as Cayuga Lake, which is divided between three counties,
 +
                                                    there must be an active collaboration initiative. This can be difficult to
 +
                                                    coordinate, as each county may have different priorities and concerns for
 +
                                                    lake health. However, Mrs. Dawson went on to reassure us that there were
 +
                                                    several community members in these counties that were actively working to
 +
                                                    address HABs. She was kind enough to introduce us and our project to these
 +
                                                    individuals, putting us in contact with an extensive network of community
 +
                                                    members committed to tackling the issue of HABs. These connections offered
 +
                                                    us direction and additional resources to tailor our product for implementation
 +
                                                    in the Cayuga Lake region.
 +
                                                </p>
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                                            </div>
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                                                <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2019/e/ee/T--Cornell--HABsCommittee.png" alt="pic" class="timeline-img">
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                                            </div>
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                                                <span class="date">September 10th, 2019</span>
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                                                <h3>HABs Committee</h3>
 +
                                                <p class="text-justify">One of the contacts introduced to us by Deborah Dawson
 +
                                                    was Amanda Champion, District 12 Legislator on Tompkins County Board, who
 +
                                                    invited us to sit in on a meeting with several advocates for HABs remediation.
 +
                                                    Representatives from the Community Science Institute (CSI), other district
 +
                                                    legislators, and several other organizations, such as the Water Treatment
 +
                                                    Facility, were all present. During this meeting, we were able to engage in
 +
                                                    a discussion with other concerned community members about what sort of initiatives
 +
                                                    we should undertake to address the issue of HABs. Moreover, we were able
 +
                                                    to have a conversation about how reHAB would fit into the existing infrastructure
 +
                                                    that deals with HABs. CSI representatives offered us resources to help test
 +
                                                    the accuracy of our water sampling. Additionally, several legislators were
 +
                                                    interested in having us come present to a town board meeting to generate
 +
                                                    more interest in our project.
 +
                                                </p>
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                                            </div>
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                                <!------------------------END TIMELINE------------------------>
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                                    <div>
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                                        <div class="content-title">REFERENCES</div>
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                                        <hr class="green-accent-line-left">
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                                        <div class="text-justify references">
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                                        [1]  Community Science Institute Staff http://www.communityscience.org/about/staff/<br><br>
 +
                                        [2]  The Department of Ecology & Environmental Biology https://ecologyandevolution.cornell.edu/nelson-george-hairston<br><br>
 +
                                        [3]  Cornell University School of Continuing Education and Summer Sessions https://www.sce.cornell.edu/cau/faculty/index.php?id=171<br><br>
 +
                                        [4]  NYU Abu Dhabi https://nyuad.nyu.edu/en/academics/divisions/science/faculty/shady-amin.html<br><br>
 +
                                        [5]  Owasco Watershed Lake Association https://www.facebook.com/saveowascolake/<br><br>
 +
                                        [6]  Cornell Engineering Earth and Atmospheric Sciences https://www.eas.cornell.edu/faculty-directory/mark-wysocki<br><br>
 +
                                        [7]  Cornell Research https://research.cornell.edu/researchers/david-erickson<br><br>
 +
                                        [8]  VanGaasbeck, Scott. “Under the Tree Farm debuts Brooktondale farm stand with local apples.” The Ithaca Voice, October 2017.  https://ithacavoice.com/2017/10/tree-farm-debuts-brooktondale-farm-stand-local-apples/<br><br>
 +
                                        [9]  Tompkins County NY http://tompkinscountyny.gov/legislature/members-Dawson<br><br>
 +
                                        [10] “Election 2017: Q&A with District 12 Legislature Candidate Amanda Champion.” The Ithaca Voice, November 2017. https://ithacavoice.com/2017/11/election-2017-qa-district-12-legislature-candidate-amanda-champion/<br>
 +
                                        </div>
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                                    </div>
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                                </section>
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Latest revision as of 21:38, 21 October 2019

Practices Team:Cornell - 2019.igem.org

Integrated Practices
OUR APPROACH
Before fully forming our idea, we strove to understand the complexity of algal blooms and their effects around Tompkins County. Speaking with local business owners, legislators, and field experts, we realized that blooms affect a large subset of people in our community. Using personal accounts and expertise, we were able to narrow down our project to two main parts that would effectively address algal blooms in the Finger Lakes: detection and remediation.

While we were excited to undertake this task, we first needed to determine the direction we wanted to take our idea. We spoke with professional experts and community members to pinpoint our approach to detection, incorporating their thoughts to create an innovative method to quantify microcystin toxicity. As we finalized our detection system, we started pursuing an effective remediation process. Using the feedback of legislators and researchers, we designed our degradation system to expand current legislative initiatives that address HABs. Throughout the entire process, our project integrated diverse perspectives to fabricate a comprehensive solution with people and the environment at its core. Here, we highlight the most impactful interviews that we conducted and how our conversations shaped the course of our project from napkin to prototype.
TIMELINE
Inspiration
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March 8th, 2019

Noah Mark

As part of a preliminary exploration into our project this year, we met with intern Noah Mark at the Community Science Institute (CSI). The CSI is a nonprofit organization in the Ithaca area that is state-certified to monitor water quality. Noah Mark works on monitoring and testing water collected at different sites on Cayuga Lake. We spoke with him to learn more about the prevalence of harmful algal blooms in the Finger Lakes and what methods are currently being used to test their toxicity. He and his colleagues told us about ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), the method they currently use to test blooms on Cayuga Lake. An important takeaway from our meeting was that determining the toxicity of cyanobacterial blooms is both costly and time-consuming. Noah also suggested focusing on water treatment or toxin breakdown, rather than just algae clean-up. Meeting with Noah helped us assess which direction we wanted to pursue our project.

March 12th, 2019

Dr. Nelson Hairston

Dr. Nelson Hairston is a professor at Cornell University researching freshwater organisms and their ecological and evolutionary response to environmental change. We conducted an interview with him to learn more about the causes and formation of algal blooms. He told us that a major part of formation is phosphorus, which comes from runoff and legacy sediment. Additionally, there is the phenomenon of thermal stratification, which leads to the build-up of phosphorus at the bottom of a lake. Professor Hairston went on to explain that continuous stratification mixes phosphorus into the rest of the lake, so it is more common for shallow lakes to have more blooms. Consequently, this is why the Finger Lakes region is more subject to HABs occurring. Our meeting with Professor Hairston gave us insight on bloom occurrence and build-up, and thus, we developed a stronger understanding as to why our region is especially affected.

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March 21st, 2019

Pat Crowley

We met with Pat Crowley, the Merrill Family Sailing Center Manager to discuss his experience with algal blooms as someone who frequents the lake. Conversing with him helped us gain perspective from someone who may not know all of the science behind harmful algal blooms (HABs) but has been affected by them. Pat told us that algal blooms impact people’s ability to go into the water because the wait time between sampling the water and obtaining positive lab results prevents water access until the bloom clears up. In addition, there are health risks involved in being near contaminated water. For example, humans may have adverse reactions by coming into contact with the toxins produced by blooms. His comments inspired us to look further into an effective detection and treatment method that would allow for faster turnaround than existing methods.

When we asked him about the possibility of building a boat to collect water samples, he advised us to consider the size and mobility of our vehicle when navigating “nooks and crannies” on a lake (e.g. a dock). His suggestion was later incorporated when we determined the dimensions and materials of our boat.

Booklet Distribution Surveys
Our team believes that members of the community should not only be aware of the subject matter of our project but properly informed as well. As such, we decided to create an informational packet that would educate people about algal blooms. To do this, we first needed to scope out what information people already knew about harmful algal blooms, so we created a survey to help us understand the extent of their knowledge. We visited and spoke with community members at Ithaca Farmers’ Market, Ithaca Commons, and Cornell Campus, and in the end, collected over 50 responses. The charts below show the results of our survey.
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The key takeaways from these responses are as follows:
  • While a larger section of people (55%) answered that they either never or rarely noticed algal blooms in their local area, there was still a significant portion (27.5%) of people that did not know what algal blooms look like.
  • Most people (60.8%) think it would be very or extremely difficult to distinguish between a harmful algal bloom and non-toxic algal bloom.
  • 70.6% of people think HABs have an extreme or significant impact on local ecosystems, but only 17.7% think that HABs have the same impact on their own daily lives.
  • 74.5% of people would be comfortable seeing an automated boat collecting water samples from local lakes.
Using these conclusions, we created an informational booklet to serve as an introduction to HABs, including information on what they are and how they affect the environment. We discuss this booklet in further detail on our Collaborations page, where we have also included a PDF of the final version.

Note: iGEM requires any form of human research to comply with established ethical standards, hence we consulted the website for Cornell’s Institutional Review Board. The website included a Decision Tree for determining whether organizations need to submit an application to the IRB prior to carrying out their research. Since our research primarily involved anonymous community surveys to gauge the public’s opinion and knowledge of harmful algal blooms, it was determined that it was not necessary to submit an application to the IRB.
Ideation
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March 21st, 2019

Shady Amin

The interview with Shady Amin was conducted over Skype. One of the major talking points of the interview was the formation of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Generally speaking, it is known that having more nutrients in the water, specifically nitrogen and phosphorus, increases the likelihood that algal blooms will form. What is unknown, however, is how microcystins are formed. Professor Amin theorized that there must be some type of cell-to-cell communication between the cyanobacteria that stimulates the growth and formation of microcystin-forming bacteria. Professor Amin also mentioned that two of the major methods of testing for microcystins are HPLC and ELISA. ELISA is a much quicker process than HPLC and has very high throughput. A test using ELISA only takes about 2 hours. ELISA, however, is much less accurate and worse at determining the concentration of toxins compared to HPLC. HPLC takes a much longer time and is very expensive but is extremely accurate and provides information on the concentration of microcystins in the water. From our conversation with Professor Amin, we noted the importance of finding a solution that is more efficient and effective than current methods of detection.

March 23rd, 2019

Julie Lockhart

Julie Lockhart is the President of the Owasco Watershed Lake Association, which is a nonprofit organization dedicated to protecting Owasco Lake. Julie shared with us a lot of personal experiences with algal blooms and how it has been difficult to control and identify where the algal blooms would grow and which ones were harmful. One of the major complaints Julie had was the identification of HABs from normal algal blooms. When she collected a sample of algal bloom, CSI would obtain the sample but would have to send them off in order to test them for analysis. The method used is usually an ELISA which should not take a very long time to run an assay. The results she would receive, however, would take about 3 weeks to come in. At that point, the algal bloom is already cleared and the data is practically useless. This allowed us to see the need and importance for an instantaneous detection method, especially for differentiating between HABs and normal algal blooms.

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March 23rd, 2019

Mark Wysocki

Mark Wysocki is a senior Lecturer at Cornell whose interests lie in Meteorology. In the event Nutrients in the Watershed, Unusual Weather, and Harmful Algal Blooms: A Public Conversation, he focused on the differences between climate and weather. He discussed the climate around Cayuga Lake and how it has changed over time. One of the major points Mark Wysocki talked about is how the changing climate contributed to earlier bloom seasons, longer bloom seasons, and a higher possibility of runoff to occur. With the rise in fluctuations in climate, nutrients also begin to fluctatte creating unpredictable patterns in things like algal blooms. In conclusion, Mark Wysocki analyzed the relationship between climate change in the Cayuga region and the rise in algal bloom appearances.

March 23rd, 2019

Stephen Penningroth

Stephen Penningroth spoke at an event sponsored by the Community Science Institute called Nutrients in the Watershed, Unusual Weather, and Harmful Algal Blooms: A Public Conversation at Aurora, New York. He presented the section called “Monitoring Phosphorus and Nitrogen in the Cayuga Lake Watershed” and discussed some of the volunteer monitoring partnerships that help oversee the Cayuga Watershed. Three to four times a year, a group will go out to collect samples on Fall Creek at six to seven different locations. The lab analyzes the samples for nutrients, bacteria, chloride, and mineral parameters. This volunteer system is very low-cost and overall works better than a consulting firm. However, the resolution of the data could be improved by a more continuous sampling method. His comments helped shape our project by steering us towards solutions that can provide higher resolution data.

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March 25th, 2019

David Erickson

Professor David Erickson’s area of expertise is in microfluidics and point-of-care diagnostics. When we initially reached out to Professor Erickson, we had been considering the use of microfluidics in our project to detect microcystins. However, our team was not very familiar with how microfluidics might fit into the scope of our project, so we sought Professor Erickson’s advice on which areas we should pay special attention to when designing our system. During the meeting, Professor Erickson brought up an important point about how water samples tend to be quite dilute so sample processing would need to be done before we could test the samples using a microfluidics chip. He also mentioned that when deciding on parts for our system, we need to consider what kind of information we are trying to obtain as well as whether there are any antibodies that are specific to what we are trying to detect. Although we ultimately decided not to pursue the route of microfluidics as the method of detection for our project, Professor Erickson’s suggestions pointed us in the right direction, and we eventually decided to use an RNA aptamer for detecting the presence of microcystins in our water samples.

Implementation
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July 2nd, 2019

Scott Van Gaasbeck

Our Policy & Practices team went down to the Ithaca Farmers Market on Saturday, June 22nd, to gauge the interest of local vendors in our project’s topic. One vendor we spoke to was Scott Van Gaasbeck, who runs Under the Tree Stoneware &amp Leather Goods. We briefly chatted with Scott before exchanging contact information so we could follow-up with more detailed questions about his experiences with harmful algal blooms (HABs). During our follow-up conversation, Scott confirmed that algal blooms can be seen on lakes or ponds in the area during most summers, but it’s difficult to distinguish between toxic and non-toxic blooms. He also mentioned that monitoring the toxicity levels of algal blooms would be a good idea given the risks they pose to human and animal health. When we brought up our team’s idea to have a small- to medium-sized boat traversing local lakes to collect water samples for detecting toxins, Scott expressed his support and suggested pairing our device with satellite technology for locating algal blooms. Scott’s feedback provided valuable insight into the thoughts and opinions of community stakeholders, which allowed us to ensure that our project aligns with the needs of those we aim to help.

September 6th, 2019

Deborah Dawson

Deborah Dawson is a Tompkins County Legislator and the chair of the Planning, Energy and Environmental Quality committee. After attending the monthly meeting of the committee in July, we reached out to Mrs. Dawson to learn what initiatives they were pursuing to address HABs in the Finger Lakes region, and more specifically, Cayuga Lake. Mrs. Dawson explained to us how each Finger Lake had its own circumstances. Smaller lakes, such as Owasco Lake, are mostly contained within one county, whereas larger lakes are split between multiple counties. It’s easier to address HABs concerns in smaller lakes due to the fact that only a single county has to devote their resources to remediation and can prioritize their level of concern. With larger lakes, such as Cayuga Lake, which is divided between three counties, there must be an active collaboration initiative. This can be difficult to coordinate, as each county may have different priorities and concerns for lake health. However, Mrs. Dawson went on to reassure us that there were several community members in these counties that were actively working to address HABs. She was kind enough to introduce us and our project to these individuals, putting us in contact with an extensive network of community members committed to tackling the issue of HABs. These connections offered us direction and additional resources to tailor our product for implementation in the Cayuga Lake region.

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September 10th, 2019

HABs Committee

One of the contacts introduced to us by Deborah Dawson was Amanda Champion, District 12 Legislator on Tompkins County Board, who invited us to sit in on a meeting with several advocates for HABs remediation. Representatives from the Community Science Institute (CSI), other district legislators, and several other organizations, such as the Water Treatment Facility, were all present. During this meeting, we were able to engage in a discussion with other concerned community members about what sort of initiatives we should undertake to address the issue of HABs. Moreover, we were able to have a conversation about how reHAB would fit into the existing infrastructure that deals with HABs. CSI representatives offered us resources to help test the accuracy of our water sampling. Additionally, several legislators were interested in having us come present to a town board meeting to generate more interest in our project.

REFERENCES
[1] Community Science Institute Staff http://www.communityscience.org/about/staff/

[2] The Department of Ecology & Environmental Biology https://ecologyandevolution.cornell.edu/nelson-george-hairston

[3] Cornell University School of Continuing Education and Summer Sessions https://www.sce.cornell.edu/cau/faculty/index.php?id=171

[4] NYU Abu Dhabi https://nyuad.nyu.edu/en/academics/divisions/science/faculty/shady-amin.html

[5] Owasco Watershed Lake Association https://www.facebook.com/saveowascolake/

[6] Cornell Engineering Earth and Atmospheric Sciences https://www.eas.cornell.edu/faculty-directory/mark-wysocki

[7] Cornell Research https://research.cornell.edu/researchers/david-erickson

[8] VanGaasbeck, Scott. “Under the Tree Farm debuts Brooktondale farm stand with local apples.” The Ithaca Voice, October 2017. https://ithacavoice.com/2017/10/tree-farm-debuts-brooktondale-farm-stand-local-apples/

[9] Tompkins County NY http://tompkinscountyny.gov/legislature/members-Dawson

[10] “Election 2017: Q&A with District 12 Legislature Candidate Amanda Champion.” The Ithaca Voice, November 2017. https://ithacavoice.com/2017/11/election-2017-qa-district-12-legislature-candidate-amanda-champion/